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THE MARINER'S 

MEDICAL COMPANION 

Symptoms, Diseases, Treatment 

WITH PLAIN AND SIMPLE DIRECTIONS FOR THE USE 
OF THE MEDICINES AND APPLIANCES IN 

NELSON'S 
MEDICINE CHEST 



COMPILED BY 



E. W. PIPER, M. D. 

PHYSICIAN TO SEVENTY-FIVE SHIP CORPORATIONS 



NEW YORK 

The Fraser Press, 454-474 Eighteenth Street 

borough of brooklyn 

1901 



*■?* 



TVF LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Cc-i-iEa Received 

NOV, 20 1901 

Cor-VRtGHT ENTRY 
fat %1.^/ifff/ 

CLASS Os XX©, No. 



a a. 



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copy a 



Copyright, 1901 
By The Fraser Press 



PREFACE 

TO my friends and clients, Ship Masters, this little 
compendium is dedicated. After many years of 
practice among you, meeting with the inadequate 
and crude methods in use for the relief of the sick while at 
sea, and in remote ports where physicians are inac- 
cessible, I have tried to think of a means of assisting you 
in your treatment of the ill. In collecting the material 
for this book I have not depended on my own experi- 
ence alone, but have gathered largely from the most 
eminent medical teachers such information as I thought 
would be the most useful. 

With your ever sympathetic natures, you are often 
worried and annoyed as to the proper way to proceed to 
help the poor sick fellows who are left to your mercy for 
medical help ; and as so much depends upon the ability 
to recognize and classify a case of illness, and on the 
selection of the proper remedy, in offering this little book 
and medicine case, I have endeavored to put it all in such 
a simple and helpful shape that you will be able to 
administer your remedies skillfully and restore to health 
the fellow- sufferers, who, without such care, would prob- 
ably go into slow decline, if not premature death. I 
hope by use of this little work that you may be the 
means of saving many a life, or at least of staying the 
progress of disease until you meet with a physician to 
whom you can turn over your case. 

E. W. PIPER, M. D. 



The Mariner's Medical Companion 



FEVER. 

Definition. — Fever is caused by a disarrangement of the sympa- 
thetic nervous system ; it is characterized by a marked rise in tem- 
perature, quickened circulation and disordered secretions ; it is 
due to some alteration of the bodily functions and is evidence of 
a diseased condition. 

In order to determine the severity of the disease, a fever ther- 
mometer is used. In normal health the temperature is ninety- 
eight and a half, and to ascertain the amount of fever, the ther- 
mometer is placed in the patient's mouth, or^ in the armpit, and 
allowed to remain for three to five minutes ; if the mercury rises 
99° to ioo° the fever is slight 
ioo° to ioi° the fever is moderate 
io2° to 103 the fever is high 
104 to 105 ° the fever is intense. 

Causes. — Excessive fatigue, physical or mental, exposure to 
heat, excess of eating or drinking, direct infection, and inflamma- 
tion following wounds or bruises. 

Symptoms. — A feeling of lassitude, chilly sensations down the 
back, or a decided chill, followed by a sudden rise in temperature, 
quick pulse, headache, thirst, coated tongue and scanty and high 
colored urine. When the temperature rises above 103 there is apt 
to be more or less delirium. 

Treatment. — If due to over-eating or drinking, remove the 
cause as soon as possible by use of an emetic or a mild laxative. 
Ascertain, if possible, the cause of the fever. If due to some in- 
fection, the symptoms must be studied, and the conditions treated 
as they arise according to their severity and the nature of the 
disease. If the cause cannot be at once determined, give a Calomel 



6 THE MARINER'S 

tablet (1-4 gr.) every hour until the bowels move. Sponge the 
body with cold water and put the patient on light diet, avoiding 
all solid food. If the temperature does not fall, give a tablet of 
Aconite Comp. No. 2 every hour until the skin becomes moist ; 
as the fever subsides, lengthen the interval to one every three 
hours, until the temperature becomes normal. 

INTERMITTENT FEVER. 

(fever AND AGUE, chiees AND fever, maeariae fever, 

SWAMP FEVER) 

Definition. — A fever occurring at regular intervals, with the 
following three well-defined stages — the chill, the fever, and the 
sweat. 

Cause. — Exposure to malarial influence ; presence in the blood 
of a specific germ. 

Symptoms. — General malaise, lassitude, yawning, headache, 
muscular soreness, creeping chills ; as the chill increases, the 
fingers and lips become blue, the teeth chatter, the patient suffers 
great thirst, and may have attacks of nausea and vomiting ; the 
chill may last a short time or continue for several hours. This 
condition is followed by an attack of fever ; the body gradually 
becomes warmer, the skin flushed, the pains in the limbs dis- 
appear, but the headache increases in severity, the pulse is full 
and rapid and the temperature high, io5°-io6° F. The duration of 
the fever varies from one hour to ten or twelve, and is succeeded 
by the sweating stage, which may continue from one to four hours. 
The perspiration first appears in drops on the forehead and gradu- 
ally extends over the whole body, and is at times very profuse. 
With the appearance of the sweat the fever lessens, the headache 
and muscular soreness pass away, and gradually the patient falls 
into a sleep. Attacks occur with regularity ; they may come every 
day, or every other day, sometimes with three days intermission, 
or a week may intervene. In dumb ague the symptoms are not 
so clearly separated. 

Treatment. — Open the bowels with Epsom or Rochelle Salt. 
While the attack is on little can be done to cut it short. During 
the chill, the patient should be put to bed, well covered with 
woollen blankets, given hot drinks, and have hot water bottles 



MEDICAIv COMPANION. 7 

placed to the feet ; as the fever comes on, the blankets should be 
gradually removed, cool drinks substituted for hot ones, and the 
body sponged with alcohol and water. 

Recurrence of attack may be prevented by taking a Calomel 
and Ipecac tablet every two hours for three doses, followed 
by a dose of Castor Oil and by large doses of Quinine. Note 
the time that the chill first appeared, and give ten to fifteen 
grains of Quinine with a hot drink one hour before the expected 
seizure. Between the attacks give one or two Quinine and 
Capsicum tablets every two or three hours, and continue this 
treatment for at least a week after the last chill. 

Keep up the patient's strength with nourishing food, and as a 
tonic to prevent relapse give one Blaud's Pill Comp. No. 4 after 
each meal. 

TYPHOID FEVER. 

(GASTRIC FEVER, ENTERIC FEVER, ABDOMINAE FEVER) 

Definition. — An acute infection, due to special poison, having 
the following well defined characteristics : Languor, dizziness, 
headache, nosebleed, abdominal tenderness, with presence of much 
gas in the bowels ; diarrhoea, the discharge resembling pea soup, 
often mixed with blood ; tongue at first red, becoming dry, brown 
and cracked ; a peculiar eruption upon the abdomen, high fever 
with stupor and delirium, extreme prostration and slow recovery. 

The peculiarity of the fever is the gradual rise of temperature. 
On the first day it is normal in the morning, the evening 100^ °; 
the second day, morning temperate, 99/^°, evening ioi^°, and 
so on. 

Favorable indications are constipation, or slight diarrhoea, low 
temperature and slight delirium. 

Disease usually lasts about four weeks. 

Cause. — A specific germ, introduced into the system through 
infected drinking water or contaminated food. 

Symptoms. — For several days, and sometimes for two or three 
weeks before the fever appears, there is loss of appetite, great 
lassitude, dizziness, headache, usually over the forehead ; the 
sleep is disturbed and digestion disordered, nosebleed frequently 
occurs. The patient complains of great muscular weakness, a 
sensation of chilliness or decided chill, which is followed by fever. 



8 THE MARINER'S 

The disease presents a steady progress, and the time of infec- 
tion is usually dated from the first attack of fever. 

First week — The patient at this time has a hot, dry skin, rapid 
pulse, coated tongue, nausea, diarrhoea and headache ; there is 
more or less stupor. On the seventh day (sometimes the ninth) 
five to twenty reddish spots (which disappear on pressure), re- 
sembling flea bites, make their appearance on the abdomen, chest 
or back. The abdomen is very tender, distended, and on pressure 
emits a gurgling sound. 

Second week — The symptoms are the same, but more pro- 
nounced ; short cough, peculiar contraction of the muscles ; the 
coating disappears from the tongue, which becomes dry ; crusts 
appear on the lips and teeth. 

Third week — The fever changes from continuous to remitting, 
but the evening temperature keeps high. Great prostration ; in- 
voluntary stools. 

Fourth week — The fever is less severe. The morning tempera- 
ture becomes almost normal. The stupor disappears, the diarrhoea 
ceases and the patient slowly improves, though very weak and 
thin. 

Treatment. — Patient should at once be put to bed in a cool, 
well ventilated, quiet room, and 1-20 gr. Calomel tablet given 
every two hours for three days. No solid food should be allowed, 
but liquid diet every two hours. The mouth should be washed 
with the antiseptic solution (made by dissolving an Antiseptic 
Pastile, Seller's formula, in two ounces of water). Stimulants 
(whisky) should be given in tablespoonful doses every two hours. 
The stools should be disinfected by Corrosive Sublimate solution 
(made by dissolving one tablet in a pint of water). To reduce 
fever, use cold baths or sponge the body frequently. 

As the bowels are the seat of infection in typhoid fever, an in- 
testinal antiseptic should be used, this prevents the multiplication 
of the typhoid germs, relieves the wind in the bowels, and checks 
the diarrhoea. Best results follow the use of Beta Naphtol Comp. 
tablets, taken one or two, every two or three hours, until the 
symptoms improve. (See Disinfection, page 13.) 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 9 

TYPHUS FEVER. 

(CONTAGIOUS FEVER, SHIP fever, jail fever) 

Definition. — An acute epidemic, contagious disease, coming 
on very suddenly. Great prostration ; on the fifth to seventh 
day a peculiar measly eruption appearing over all the body except 
the face. Peculiar sickening odor. Disease usually lasts about 
two weeks. 

Cause. — Foul air, filth, exposure to specific contagion. 

Symptoms. — Sudden chill followed by high fever, headache 
and delirium, and great prostration. On the fifth to the seventh 
day an eruption appears on the body, resembling measles, but is 
never seen on the face. The bowels are usually constipated ; the 
face has a dusky color and glazed appearance, the eyes bloodshot, 
the body emits a disagreeable odor. 

It may be told from typhoid fever by the character of the 
eruption, the continued high fever and the constipation of the 
bowels. 

Treatment. — Give Quinine in ten grain doses three or four 
times a day. Use the cold pack or bath to reduce temperature. 
Correct the constipation with one Cascara Comp. No. 3 tablet 
given every four hours until the bowels move. Support the 
strength with two tablespoonfuls of brandy every two to four 
hours. 

As typhus fever is extremely contagious the patient should be 
isolated and the urine and stools disinfected by Corrosive Subli- 
mate solution. The room and clothing should also be treated in 
the same manner to prevent the spread of contagion. (See page 13. ) 

YELLOW FEVER. 

(sailor's fever, black vomit, mediterranean fever) 

Definition. — An acute infection, with high fever, yellow skin 
and black vomit. 

Cause. — A specific poison introduced into the system. It is 
prevalent in hot countries and is killed by frost. 

Symptoms. — The attack usually comes on during the night 
w T ith a chill and pains in the head, limbs and large joints, followed 



IO THE MARINER'S 

by fever which soon reaches 104 , eyes brilliant, flushed face, 
coated tongue, and irritable stomach. This condition lasts for 
thirty-six hours to three or four days, when all symptoms dis- 
appear with recovery of the patient. If, however, within the 
next twenty-four hours the symptoms return, in a more aggravated 
form, with yellowness of the skin, the characteristic black vomit, 
and hemorrhage, with feeble pulse, cold skin, and irregular respi- 
ration, death is very likely to occur. The mind remains clear to 
the end. 

Treatment. — Patient must be put at once to bed, in a well 
ventilated room and given large doses of Quinine. The bowels 
should be opened with Calomel in 20-grain doses, followed in two 
hours by two ounces of Castor Oil. 

Brandy or whisky should be given in doses of a tablespoonful 
every two or three hours to support strength. (See page 13.) 

SCARLET FEVER. 

(scarlatina.) 

Definition. — An acute, self-limited disease, with high fever, 
and a bright scarlet rash appearing first upon neck and chest, and 
soon spreading over the entire body ; the mouth and throat are 
more or less inflamed. On the sixth or eighth day the skin com- 
mences to peel, and continues for ten days or two weeks, or until 
the exfoliation of the entire body has occurred. The disease is 
both contagious and infectious. 

Cause. — A specific germ, present chiefly in the cast-off skin. 

Symptoms. — The disease begins with a sudden chill and vomit- 
ing, sore throat, and high fever with rapid pulse. In children it 
frequently shows itself by a convulsion, or a sudden attack of 
vomiting with prostration. The tongue is at first coated with a 
thick, yellowish fur, except at the tips and edges ; on about the 
third day exfoliation occurs, leaving the surface raw and red and 
presenting the characteristic strawberry tongue. The rash makes 
its appearance in about twenty-four hours upon the neck and 
chest, then upon the cheeks, at first a pale red, but soon becoming 
brighter, and spreading over the entire body until the whole sur- 
face has an intense scarlet hue. The patient suffers from head- 
ache, is restless, and, in the more severe cases, delirious. The 



MEDICAL COMPANION. II 

appetite is absent, the bowels disturbed, either constipated or 
loose. The distinguishing points are the high fever (104 to 105 
F.), rapid pulse (no to 140), sore throat, scarlet tongue and bright 
scarlet rash over the entire body, which soon fades, and is followed 
by peeling of the skin. 

Treatment. — Scarlet fever frequently occurs in a very mild 
form, the fever lasting only two or three days, but these cases, if 
not properly cared for, are often followed by acute Bright's dis- 
ease. When of the malignant type, scarlet fever is a disease 
greatly to be dreaded. It is frequently followed by diphtheria 
and other complications. 

The patient should be put to bed in a well-ventilated room 
away from every one except his attendant, he should be given 
light nourishing food and cooling drinks. Give a tablet 
of Calomel, 1-10 grain, every hour until the bowels move 
freely. For the fever, a tablet of Aconite Comp. No. 2 every 
two hours until the temperature is controlled. The skin 
should be anointed with Carbolated Vaseline (5 grains to the 
ounce) twice a day, and the nose and mouth kept clean by the use 
of Antiseptic Pastiles (Seller's formula), one dissolved in an ounce 
of water and used freely with an atomizer. Sheets should be hung 
about the room and kept wet with Solution of Carbolic Acid, a 
teaspoonful to a pint of water. 

For sore throat, spray freely with the antiseptic solution 
(Seller's), and wrap a piece of flannel wet in cold water around the 
neck, covering this with a dry flannel. 

As a tonic, give one tablet of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine No. 
2 three times a day, with small doses of wine, milk-punch or egg- 
nog to keep up the patient's strength. No matter how mild the 
attack, the patient should be confined to a room where the tem- 
perature is uniform until the shedding of the skin has stopped, 
and should be carefully protected against drafts, as sudden chill- 
ing of the surface is liable to cause acute inflammation of the 
kidneys. 

After recovery the room in which the patient has been con- 
fined should be thoroughly disinfected by burning Sulphur as 
described under Disinfection, page 13. 



12 THE MARINER'S 

MEASLES. 

Definition. — An acute epidemic and contagious disease char- 
acterized by fever, catarrh of nose, bronchial inflammation and a 
crimson rash first seen upon face about the fourth day, and soon 
spreading over the body. Rarely followed by a second attack. 

Symptoms. — It comes gradually with chill and fever rising to 
ioi° or io2° ; soreness in the muscles, headache and considerable 
catarrh of the nose and throat. On the fourth day an eruption of 
a crimson rash on the face, soon spreading over the body. The 
fever is higher — 104 or 105 . About the ninth day eruption fades 
and in general patient is better. A peeling of the skin occurs. 
Cough and irritation of the throat may last some time. 

Treatment. — Keep the patient in a moderately warm, well 
ventilated room ; avoid drafts ; give light diet and sponge the 
body frequently to keep the skin active and to reduce the fever. 
The bowels should be regulated. If fever is high, give two tablets 
of Aconite Comp. No. 2 every hour for six doses, then every three 
hours until fever abates. 

The majority of cases of measles require very little medicine, 
good care and nursing being the most important factors. The 
patient must not be exposed to change of temperature, or pneu- 
monia or other diseases of the lungs are liable to set in. These 
may be guarded against by wearing an oilskin jacket, covering 
the entire chest. (See Disinfection, page 13.) 

BERI BERI. 

Definition. — A disease affecting the absorbent glands, charac- 
terized by great weakness, degeneration of muscular tissue, dropsy, 
pain, numbness and paralysis of the lower extremities. 

Cause. — Supposed to be due to change in the blood. Nervous 
symptoms caused by malnutrition of spinal cord. 

Symptoms. — A puffy swelling, at first of the toes, extending 
gradually to the ankles and legs and progressing, without treat- 
ment, to the thighs and abdomen, filling all the tissues with water 
as high up as the waist, causing utter helplessness of the lower 
extremities, while the upper part of the body is normal and per- 
fectly under control, and painless. 

The disease is infectious and communicates itself to others who 
are in the immediate vicinity of the person so afflicted. 



MEDICAE COMPANION. 13 

Treatment. — The disease requires very active treatment, which 
should be commenced at once. Tablet — Potass. Nitrate, Cream 
Tartar. One every two hours. 

Galvanic current applied with the positive pole to small of the 
back and the negative pole to the soles of the feet, ranging from 
50 to 250 milli-amperes will succeed in curing the disease effectu- 
ally in ten or twelve applications, but the current has to be applied 
thoroughly. The swelling and dropsy will all disappear gradu- 
ally under this specific treatment. As the galvanic electricity is 
applied at first there is not a particle of feeling in the feet, but as 
the swelling and dropsy disappear, sensation and pain are appreci- 
able by the patient, and he cannot stand so strong a current. 

After the acute attack has passed the general health of the 
patient should be carefully looked after. As a blood and nerve 
tonic give Blaud's Pill Comp. No. 4, one after each meal, and if 
bowels are constipated, one or two Cascara Comp. No. 3 tablets at 
night. (See Disinfection, page 13.) 

DISINFECTION. 

(CONTAGIOUS diseases) 

Apart from the general rule of absolute cleanliness regarding 
closets, sinks, and the sleeping quarters of the men, which should 
be frequently and regularly scrubbed, the use of some disinfectant 
is necessary. Bichloride of Mercury or Carbolic Acid answers the 
purpose better than any other agents. 

In using the Bichloride dissolve a tablet in water in the pro- 
portion of one to a pint of water. Carbolic Acid should be diluted 
with water in the proportion of four ounces to a pailful of water. 
Either of these solutions, if used at all, must be freely applied to 
the floors, walls, and all parts of the place to be disinfected, or no 
good will result. The proper application of a disinfectant destroys 
the germs of disease, and in this way prevents it from spreading. 

Contagious Diseases. — Spread of contagious diseases may 
be prevented by special attention being given to ventilation and 
cleanliness, and the proper use of disinfectants. In cholera, 
typhoid fever, and probably dysentery, consumption, yellow and 
typhus fevers, the stools are infectious ; the expectoration from 
consumptives and from those suffering with pneumonia ; the dis- 
charges from diphtheria, as well as vomited matter in cholera, 



14 THE MARINER'S 

scarlet and yellow fever, carry the germs of the disease, and must 
be carefully disinfected. In all diseases where there are dis- 
charges from the bowels, the patient should use a vessel or bedpan 
containing sufficient of the bichloride or copperas solution (see 
list of remedies) to cover the expected discharge. 

Diseases such as smallpox, measles, or scarlet fever are con- 
tagious, that is, in order to contract the disease one must come in 
contact with the diseased person, although'it may occasionally be 
carried by the nurse or attendant. Bedclothing or wearing apparel 
should be disinfected by immersing it in bichloride solution, then 
plunging it in boiling water, where it should be allowed to remain 
at least half an hour. 

To disinfect a room after the patient has been removed, first 
see that all apertures, doors, windows, and portholes are tightly 
closed, then place some sulphur (about one pound to every 300 
cubic feet of air) in a tin pan, place this over a tin bucket partly 
filled with water, pour a little alcohol over the sulphur, and apply 
a match. The alcohol will ignite at first and set fire to the 
sulphur. Close the room and let it remain shut up for twenty- 
four hours, at the end of that time it may be opened and used, as 
all danger of contagion has passed away. The sulphur, in burning, 
gives off sulphurous acid gas, which penetrates every part of the 
room and destroys the germs. 



COLD IN THE HEAD. 

(nasai, catarrh, influenza, grip) 

Definition. — An active inflammation of the inside of the nose, 
fullness of the head and running of the nostrils. 

Causes. — Standing or sitting in damp places ; exposure to 
drafts ; wet feet. 

Symptoms. — A cold in the head is generally preceded by a 
languid feeling, with more or less headache, dryness in the nose 
and a desire to sneeze. Shortly there is a watery discharge which 
is constantly dropping from the nose, followed by a spell of sneez- 
ing. Blowing the nose relieves the thickened membrane for a 
little while, the fullness returning in a few minutes. The inside 
of the nose is red and swollen, and later the discharge gets thicker 
and sometimes becomes offensive. When the attack is ending, 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 1 5 

hard crusts generally form within the nostrils. Mild cases run 
about a week ; severe cases, longer. 

Treatment. — Coryza Tablets. For fresh cold, give two tablets 
at first dose, followed by one every hour until cold is broken up. 

When in addition to the cold in the head there is cough and 
more or less bronchial inflammation, as shown by fever and pain 
in the chest, discontinue the Coryza Tablets and give one tablet of 
Cough Persistent with Heroin every three or four hours until 
relieved, with a hot drink on going to bed. 

Much relief will be experienced by spraying the nose and back 
of the throat, every three or four hours, with an antiseptic solu- 
tion, made by dissolving one of the Antiseptic tablets (Seller's 
formula) in two ounces of water. 

In attacks of grip and influenza give the Coryza tablets as 
directed above, and if much muscular soreness and pain in the 
head are present, give in addition a tablet of Salol and Phenacetine 
with two grains of Quinine every three or four hours. 



BRONCHITIS. 

(COLD ON THE CHEST) 

Definition. — An inflammation of the bronchial tubes with 
fever and hard dry cough. 

Cause. — Exposure to sudden changes of temperature, or to 
dampness, wet, or irritating dust or vapors. 

Symptoms. — An attack of acute bronchitis begins with chilly 
sensations, pains in the limbs, coated tongue, loss of appetite, 
general feeling of weariness, hurried breathing, fever, rapid pulse, 
and pain and soreness over the sternum or breastbone. The 
cough is hard, dry and painful at first, the expectoration scanty 
and of a frothy white nature with salty taste. As the cough 
becomes looser the expectoration increases in quantity and 
becomes of a yellow or greenish-yellow color and mattery con- 
sistence. 

Bronchitis may become chronic, and the cough, without 
other serious constitutional disturbance, be present more or less 
constantly. 

Treatment. — Give two five-grain Dover Powder tablets with 
five grains of Quinine so as to induce perspiration. Open the 



1 6 THE MARINER'S 

bowels with two Comp. Cathartic pills. After the cough becomes 
easier give one or two tablets of Cough Persistent with Heroin every 
three or four hours until expectoration is established and the pain- 
ful symptoms all disappear. In chronic bronchitis give the Cough 
Persistent with Heroin, one every three or four hours until relieved. 



CROUPOUS PNEUMONIA. 

(LUNG FEVER) 

Definition. — An acute inflammation of the lungs, causing an 
engorgement of the air cells, accompanied by fever, cough, expec- 
toration and loss of strength. 

Causes. — Neglect to care for the body when exposed to wet 
and dampness, dissipation, cooling the body too suddenly when 
perspiring ; impoverished system. 

Symptoms. — Ushered in by chill and fever, followed by head- 
ache, heaviness and pain over right lung ; expectoration growing 
thick and profuse. Unless the disease becomes complicated or 
the patient is extremely run down in health, this form of lung 
inflammation will run its course in a fortnight. 

Treatment. — Hot fomentations, poulticing and cupping the 
chest. Internally, Aconite tablet No. 2 every hour until fever 
abates. For cough, give one or two Cough Persistent with Heroin 
tablets every two hours. 



CATARRHAL PNEUMONIA. 

(LOBULAR PNEUMONIA) 

Definition. — An inflammation spreading over the entire lung 
structure, rapidly closing the air cells, followed by fever, short- 
ness of breath, cough, expectoration and weakness. 

Causes. — A weakened system through debilitating diseases, 
exposure ; overwork, mental and physical. 

Symptoms. — Closely resembles croupous pneumonia. Fever 
high at commencement, pain felt over the entire chest ; breathing 
short and quick, due to pain in effort to breathe ; nostrils open 
wide on taking in the air, the entire body covered with profuse 
sweat, great quantity of pussy expectoration, arteries throb, pulse 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 1 7 

quick and full. A noisy rattle can be heard in the throat and 
chest due to the air trying to force its way through the accumu- 
lated lung secretions. In the young and aged the nail tips turn 
blue. This form of pneumonia is very fatal. 

Treatment. — Internally, for fever, one tablet Aconite Comp. 
No. 2 every hour as needed. As the cough loosens give one tablet 
Cough Persistent with Heroin every three hours, and one 
Quinine tablet, 2 grains, every three hours. Give nutritious diet 
— milk, eggs, broths, and stimulants as required. 

ASTHMA. 

Definition. — A spasmodic contraction of the bronchial muscles 
with short breath, wheezing, sense of suffocation, hard dry cough, 
anxious countenance. 

Causes. — Disturbances of the nervous system, often hereditary. 
Also due to inhalation of irritating substances, such as dust from 
grain, ipecac, turpentine ; climate is often a cause, also acute 
attacks of indigestion. 

Symptoms. — The attack may be sudden, which is often the 
case in the first instance, or it may be preceded by a cold in the 
head, a sense of tightness of the chest muscles, dyspepsia and 
irritable bladder. The patient experiences a sense of suffocation, 
the breath is short and gasping, with loud wheezing. The face is 
flushed, lips pallid. The attack lasts from one to three hours, 
and prevents patient from lying down. Asthma is rarely fatal 
unless complicated with heart disease. 

Treatment. — To stop the attack give a tablet of Morphine 
Comp. No. 4. Inhalation of a few drops of Amyl Nitrite will 
often give prompt relief. To prevent recurrence, give an Anti- 
asthmatic tablet every three or four hours until relieved. If 
complication of heart disease exists, give Cardiac Asthma, one 
tablet every three hours until better. 

To ward off an approaching attack drink black coffee freely. 

INDIGESTION, ACUTE. 

(GASTRIC CATARRH, biuous fever) 

Definition. — An inflammation of the lining of the stomach. 
Causes.— Improper food, eating quickly without sufficient 



l8 THE MARINER'S 

mastication, drinking too much ice water with meals, abuse of 
alcoholic liquors, sudden changes of temperature. 

Symptoms. — Coated tongue, bad taste in the mouth, offensive 
breath, loss of appetite, and at times disgust for food, dizziness, 
light fever, heartburn, nausea, and pain after eating ; in more 
advanced cases, vomiting soon after meals, first of undigested food 
and later of mucus, gastric juice and bile. The urine is scanty 
and deposits a heavy sediment on standing. 

Treatment. — If the attack is acute, and the patient is vomit- 
ing, give one or two glasses of hot water to thoroughly cleanse the 
stomach. If in pain apply flannel dipped in hot water across the 
stomach until relieved. Give a tablet of Calomel Comp. No. 3 
every hour for ten doses, and follow by a saline cathartic, either 
Epsom or Rochelle salt. Diet should be light and nourishing, 
but do not insist on patient eating until the appetite returns. 

To prevent recurrence, care should be used in regard to diet 
and a tonic given to improve digestion. Antidyspeptic No. 2 is 
the best remedy ; give one tablet, with water, half an hour before 
meals, and repeat the dose half an hour after eating. 

CONSTIPATION. 

Definition. — A loss of function of the bowels, due to inaction 
of the muscular lining, or to insufficient secretion of bile. Passages 
are small, dry, and occur at irregular intervals. 

Causes. — Improper food, dyspepsia, derangement of the liver, 
neglect on part of patient. 

Symptoms. — Small, dry, hard stools, occasioning great dis- 
tress, sometimes occurring every day, but usually at intervals of 
three or four days, and often longer. 

On account of the waste products not being removed from the 
system, the abdomen becomes distended, there is more or less 
dyspepsia, headache, dizziness, and at times palpitation of the 
heart on slight exertion. 

Treatment. — Have a regular time each day for going to stool ; 
drink a glass of water on retiring, and one or more on rising. 
Care must be given to diet. On retiring take one or two tablets 
of Cascara Comp. No. 3, and follow by one after breakfast and 
dinner if they do not operate. Lessen the dose, or lengthen the 
interval between the doses as the bowels resume their normal 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 19 

functions. If there is rumbling in the bowels, colicky pains with 
feeling of band around forehead, give a tablet of Calomel Comp. 
No. 3 every hour until they operate, and then begin the use of the 
Cascara tablets as described above. 

COLIC, INTESTINAL. 

(GRIPES, CRAMPS, lead colic) 

Definition. — Severe cramp-like pains, occurring in the region 
of the navel, due to spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the 
intestine. 

Causes. — Wind in the bowels due to undigested food, fermen- 
tation, constipation, derangement of the liver, lead poisoning. 

Symptoms. — Violent cramps in region of navel, occurring at 
intervals, pain not constant. Nausea and vomiting are often 
present. Pressure on abdomen usually affords some relief. 
Attacks vary from a few minutes to several hours. 

Treatment. — If pain is very severe give a Chlorodyne tablet 
every hour for three doses unless earlier relieved. If patient is 
constipated give a Turpentine injection (tablespoonful of turpen- 
tine to a quart of hot Castile Soapsuds) and apply hot applica- 
tions or mustard to the bowels. After the pain has been relieved 
give a laxative, Castor Oil, Epsom Salt, or one Comp. Cathartic 
tablet every two hours until bowels operate. 

diarrhoea. 

Definition. — A derangement of the small intestines, with colicky 
pains and frequent loose movements. 

Causes. — Undigested food in the bowels, changes of weather, 
impure water, tainted food, sudden shock, or excess of bile. 

Symptoms. — Acute attacks due to disturbance of the digestive 
functions, commence with colic and bloated abdomen, which is 
shortly followed by frequent movements of the bowels. The 
stools are loose, offensive, usually brown at first, becoming 
lighter after four or five evacuations. When due to excess of bile, 
the stools are green or yellow, and produce a scalding sensation 
as they are passed. Intestinal diarrhoea is caused by the food not 
being properly digested. It is passed by the bowels in an almost 
undigested condition. 



20 THE MARINER'S 

Either of the foregoing forms, unless promptly checked, pass 
into the chronic stage. 

Treatment. — In acute attacks, if due to overloading the 
stomach, or to unripe fruit or tainted food, or if diarrhoea is due to 
the presence of undigested food, give a dose of Castor Oil, and 
then begin with the Diarrhoea Fermentative tablets and give one 
or two every two or three hours until relieved. If the case does 
not respond promptly, give a BetaNaphtol Comp. tablet in connec- 
tion with the Diarrhoea tablets until the movements are checked. 

After the bowels have resumed their normal functions, if pain 
or flatulence occur after eating, give a tablet of Bismuth Subgallate 
Comp. No. 2 immediately after meals, and repeat in two hours if 
necessary. 

In chronic cases give a tablet of Intestinal Antiseptic No. 2, 
with one Corrosive Sublimate 1-60 grain tablet every three or four 
hours. Increase the interval, and later discontinue the Corrosive 
Sublimate tablets as the symptoms improve. 

CHOLERA MORBUS. 

(SPORADIC CHOLERA, ENGLISH CHOLERA, BILIOUS CHOLERA) 

Definition. — An acute inflammation of the stomach and bowels, 
with severe pains, vomiting, purging, cramps in the limbs and 
great weakness. 

Causes. — Eating unripe or decayed fruit, the presence of 
undigested food in the bowels, fermentation of food. Attacks 
occur in summer following rapid changes in temperature, and are 
usually very sudden. 

Symptoms. — Sudden attack of vomiting and diarrhoea, severe 
cramps in stomach and bowels. Unless checked, the character of 
the vomit and the discharge from the bowels change, becoming 
like rice water. The pulse is feeble, the skin cold and clammy, 
the patient suffers intense thirst, but is rarely able to keep any 
fluid upon the stomach. Great loss of strength and emaciation 
occur. In elderly people there is danger of collapse. 

Treatment. — Give a tablet of Chlorodyne No. 2, and repeat 
in two hours if symptoms are not improved. Support the 
strength by small repeated doses of brandy. To relieve thirst 
give cracked ice, but no other liquids until the vomiting ceases. 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 21 

Apply mustard to the bowels, and a hot water bag to the feet. 
After the pain has been relieved, if the diarrhoea continues, give 
a tablet of Corrosive Sublimate, 1-60 gr., after every movement 
until the discharge from the bowels becomes normal. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 

(intestinal catarrh) 

Definition. — An inflammation of the mucus membranes of the 
small intestines, with pain, fever, tenderness, and frequent dis- 
charges from the bowels. 

Cause. — Exposure to cold or dampness, excessive heat, undi- 
gested food, injury to the abdomen, rupture or inflammation 
caused by irritating purgatives. 

Symptoms. — Langour followed by a chill, high fever, pain 
and tenderness above the navel, which is increased on pressure ; 
nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. The bowels may at first be con- 
stipated, but the discharges soon become loose and watery and 
resemble ' ' rice water. ' ' 

It may be told from colic by the constant pain and tenderness 
on pressure, the presence of fever, vomiting and diarrhoea. 

Treatment. — Stop all solid food. Rest the bowels by giving 
light diet, milk and lime water, mutton or chicken broth, with 
boiled rice. Apply hot linseed poultices to the bowels, and give 
a Chlorodyne tablet every three hours. If the bowels are con- 
stipated they may be moved by an injection of warm water, at least 
two quarts should be used. After all pain and tenderness have 
passed away, give a dose of Castor Oil to overcome the constipating 
effect of the medicine. 

DYSENTERY. 

Definition. — Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
large intestines, progressing to ulceration, with frequent small, 
bloody stools, attended with burning pain and great straining in 
the rectum, and with colicky pains around the navel. 

Cause. — Epidemic ; a disease of the summer and autumn, may 
be introduced into the system by means of drinking water. 
Differs from summer diarrhoea in not being caused by errors of 
diet. 



22 THE MARINER'S 

Symptoms. — Attack commences with diarrhoea, nausea and 
vomiting ; loss of appetite and slight elevation of temperature. 
The stools are soft for the first day or two and contain some faecal 
matter, when they change in character, becoming greyish or 
white, and consist of more or less mucus streaked with blood. 
Pain of a colicky character occurs around the navel ; the desire 
for stool is more frequent, the movements at times occurring 
hourly, accompanied with great straining. If not properly treated 
the disease becomes chronic. 

Treatment. — Give one Dover's Powder tablet, and one Beta 
Naphtol Comp. tablet, every three hours ; with a dose of Castor 
Oil twice a week. If much pain occurs apply Turpentine stupes fre- 
quently to the abdomen. If this treatment does not stop the attack, 
give in addition a tablet of Corrosive Sublimate, 1-60 grain, every 
hour or two until the character of the discharge changes, when the 
interval between the dose may be lengthened. Washing out the 
rectum with a solution of Carbolic Acid (half teaspoonful well dis- 
solved in half a pint of water and injected with a small syringe) 
will often lessen the number of stools and reduce the straining. In 
mild cases the disease may last a week, the patient being very 
much prostrated and emaciated. In the more severe types such 
as are seen in the tropics, the duration of the disease is from six 
to ten weeks with very slow recovery. 

All forms of dysentery require careful disinfection of stools, 
they should be received in a vessel containing some Bichloride 
Solution, or a solution of Copperas (Iron Sulphate, one pound to 
a gallon of water) . In all cases put the patient to bed if possible, 
if not, give him the lightest duties possible, as rest is one of the 
great factors in enabling him to resist the disease. 



INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. 

Definition. — Closing of the intestinal canal, may be either 
gradual or sudden, caused by accumulation of hardened faecal 
matter in the bowels, pressure against the bowel by the growth of 
a tumor, bursting of the bowel from sudden strain, or from the 
bowel becoming invaginated, that is, one part slipping over 
another, as the tip end of the finger of a glove may slip down into 
the larger portion. 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 23 

Whatever the cause, pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation 
occur, and unless relief is afforded final collapse will follow. 

Symptoms. — Attack may be sudden, or may gradually develop, 
marked with more or less severe colicky pains with constipation 
a prominent symptom, which is not relieved by the use of purga- 
tives or in j ections ; the abdomen is distended with a feeling of 
weight and soreness, nausea and vomiting occur, the pain in- 
creases in severity, with great tenderness over the stricture or 
portion of bowel involved. 

The face wears an anxious look, eyes sunken, the skin cold 
and covered with clammy sweat. Nausea and vomiting occur, 
the vomit having a fecal odor and consisting of matter from 
the bowels. These symptoms in a more or less aggravated 
form may last for a week, when a change for the better occurs 
and the patient gradually returns to health, or collapse and 
death take place. As a rule, the longer the case lingers the more 
hopeful it is. Consult a surgeon if possible. 

Treatment. — Apply hot Turpentine stupes to the abdomen and 
give frequent in j ections into the bowels of a quart of lukewarm 
water and Castile Soap to which two tablespoonfuls of Olive Oil 
have been added. Support the strength with stimulants. If the 
pain is severe give one Morphine Comp. No. 4, and repeat in two 
or three hours if not relieved. 



JAUNDICE. 



Definition. — An obstruction of the bile ducts, due to inflamma- 
tion. The bile becomes absorbed by the blood and stains the skin 
and whites of the eyes a yellow color. A condition rather than a 
disease. 

Causes. — Gall stone ; inflammation of the lining of the gall 
ducts, which becomes thickened and closes the ducts, preventing 
the flow of bile through the ordinary channels. The bile is ab- 
sorbed by the liver and finds its way into the blood. The skin and 
whites of the eyes become yellow, due to the coloring matter of the 
bile. Jaundice is usually the result of excessive eating or drinking. 
It often follows a debauch, yet it also occurs from the poisoned 
state of the blood due to derangement of the liver during malarial 
fevers, especially those of tropical climates. 

Symptoms. — Pain and tenderness in the right side over the 



24 THE MARINER'S 

liver, coated tongue, looseness of bowels, nausea, and slight fever. 
The whites of the eyes soon become yellow, and gradually the 
whole body assumes a yellow color, the skin dry and itchy. 
The bowels, which were at first loose, become constipated, and 
the stools white or clay colored ; colicky pains in the bowels 
with a great deal of wind. Slight fever, impaired heart action, 
urine dark colored and heavily loaded with urates, which deposit 
on standing. 

Treatment. — Avoid starchy foods, fats and sugars. While the 
fever lasts give milk, or nourishing broth. Warm baths will give 
much relief. 

Give one Cascara Comp. No. 3 tablet every four hours until they 
operate, then one every other night for a week. After the acute 
attack has passed, to prevent recurrence, take one or two tablets 
at night to keep the bowels open; lessen or gradually increase the 
dose as required to produce a natural, easy movement of the 
bowels, but not to purge. 

RUPTURE. 

(hernia) 

Definition. — A protusion of a portion of the bowel through the 
walls of the abdomen, occurring usually at the navel or the groin. 

Cause. — Violent exertion, lifting heavy weights, straining at 
stool, wearing belts that are too tight while lifting heavy loads. 

Symptoms. — Pain, fulness and heat in the abdomen; a swell- 
ing, at first small, which may be detected on standing, and which 
usually decreases in size or disappears when the patient lies down. 
Coughing enlarges the swelling, which is often accompanied by 
constipation, colic and vomiting. If neglected, the walls of the 
passage through which the bowel escaped are liable to contract 
and cause the bowel to become strangulated. 

Treatment. — Place the patient on his back and apply ice to 
the swelling until the inflammation disappears and then gently 
press the swelling upwards with the fingers, so as to return the 
bowel to the abdominal cavity. No attempt should be made to 
reduce a rupture until the pain and inflammation have subsided. 
If ice cannot be obtained apply warm applications or put the 
patient in a hot bath, and keep him there until relaxation occurs, 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 2$ 

when the rupture may be reduced by gentle pressure upwards as 
stated above. Be careful not to use too much force and do not be 
too hasty; it frequently takes half an hour to accomplish the 
purpose. 

In strangulated hernia, the symptoms are more pronounced, 
there is more or less pain of a colic-like nature, not relieved by 
purgatives or enemas, feeling of weight with soreness and disten- 
tion of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, the pain becoming severe, 
the eyes appear sunken, the skin cold and covered with a cold 
perspiration. Unless relief is afforded death ensues in about a 
week. The longer the case lingers the greater chance there is of 
recovery. 

Relieve pain by giving Morphine Comp. No 4 tablet, apply ice to 
bowel and try to reduce the swelling by gentle upward pressure, 
flood the bowels by means of a fountain syringe with tepid water 
so as to cause relaxation. If these means fail, a surgeon should 
be called as soon as possible. 

APPENDICITIS. 

Definition. — An inflammation of the appendix, a little teat or 
pouch adjoining the large intestine, situated in the lower right 
side of the abdomen. 

Causes. — Presence of some foreign body — hard fecal matter, 
grape seed, cherry pit, etc., which sets up a more or less severe 
inflammation, and may result in perforation of the appendix. 
May also be caused by a blow or injury, exposure to cold, exhaus- 
tion following overwork. 

Symptoms. — Sensation of weight and heat in lower part of 
abdomen on the right side, which is tender on deep pressure, 
rapidly developing in soreness, severe colicky pains, swelling in 
the right side, nausea and vomiting, bowels are constipated, 
tongue coated, the tip red. The attack usually begins with a 
temperature of 99 to ioo°, which, if an abscess is forming, will 
suddenly jump to 103 , accompanied by chilliness and clammy 
sweats. There is great suffering and prostration, and unless 
relief is afforded the attack is very liable to end fatally. 

Treatment. — There are two forms of the disease, the chronic 
and the acute. The former may return from time to time and not 
develop sufficiently severe symptoms to demand the services of 



26 THE MARINER'S 

the surgeon, but in acute cases the surgeon should be consulted 
as soon as possible, as delays are often fatal. Meanwhile, give 
two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil, or four ounces of Sweet Oil, and 
repeat in three or four hours until the bowels operate. Apply ice 
to the seat of pain, or hot applications if no ice can be had. Give 
the patient an injection into the bowels, made with warm water 
and soapsuds and two tablespoonfuls of olive oil. If possible, use 
a fountain syringe and pass a quart or more of fluid into the 
bowels ; repeat this at intervals of two hours. If the pain is very 
severe, give a Morphine Comp. No. 4 tablet every four hours until 
relieved. 

During the attack the patient should live on a milk diet. 

Chronic appendicitis may be greatly relieved by strict atten- 
tion to diet, avoiding all starchy foods, fermented liquors and 
foods that are difficult or slow to digest, and consequently liable 
to produce fermentation. The following medical treatment will 
give great relief in mild cases : After meals take a tablet of Bis- 
muth Subgallate Comp. No. 2, to be followed in two hours by one 
Beta Naphtol Comp. tablet ; should the bowels become consti- 
pated, take two or more Anticonstipation No. 5 tablets at bed- 
time. This treatment may be continued without any danger for 
an indefinite time, and usually with the happiest results. 

HEMORRHOIDS. 

(PII,ES) 

Definition. — A small tumor, or several, which form at the 
opening of the anus, and which may be situated either inside the 
bowel or at the outer edge. They may either be "blind" or 
bleeding. 

Cause. — Enlargement of the veins of the bowel, straining at 
stool, disorders of the liver, abuse of purgative medicine. 

Symptoms. — Itching, burning and swelling around the anus, 
with soreness and pain, often very severe. In bleeding piles 
considerable blood is lost at every stool. Often, after severe strain- 
ing, the pile protrudes from the anus and is caught by contraction 
of the muscles, and unless returned at once (which may be done 
by applying some Vaseline and pushing the bowel back with the 
finger) is liable to cause much suffering. If not done at once the 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 27 

part becomes inflamed, hot and painful, and before it can be 
reduced the inflammation must be relieved. Ice is the best 
remedy for these cases, applied until the swelling and pain are 
somewhat reduced, then spread some Vaseline on the part and 
push the pile gently into the rectum with the finger. Do not use 
too much force, and if the reduction cannot be effected at first 
apply the ice a second time, and then attempt to return the tumor. 
Treatment. — Keep the bowels open with one or two tablets of 
Anticonstipation No. 5 taken at night, and apply Carbolated 
Vaseline and press the pile back if it comes down, after every stool. 
Bathe the parts frequently with cold water. 

FISTULA OF THE ANUS. 

Definition. — A false passage or canal extending from the rectum 
through the tissues to the surface of the skin. 

Cause. — Neglected hemorrhoids. Hard fsecal matter remain- 
ing too long in the folds of the rectum, may set up an inflam- 
mation that will cause an abscess, which breaks, and the pus 
burrowing through the soft tissues makes a false passage for the 
escape of gas and other contents of the bowels. 

Symptoms. — Foul smelling watery discharge from the fistula, 
pain and itching at the rectum. 

Treatment. — The best method is an operation which will 
remove the cause. If this is not practical, bathe the parts fre- 
quently with weak Carbolic Acid (a teaspoonful well stirred into 
a pint of water), dry carefully, and cover parts with Borated 
Talcum. If the discharge is very offensive, and the above treat- 
ment does not relieve it, after washing with the carbolic solution, 
dust Iodoform on the parts. 

Open the bowels by using an injection of warm water daily 
if possible, or by taking a dose of Castor Oil once or twice a week. 

Diet should be nourishing, and if the patient becomes pale or 
weak, gave a tablet of Blaud's Pill Comp. No. 4 after each meal. 
The disagreeable odor of the discharge may be in a measure con- 
trolled by the internal use of a Beta Naphtol Comp. tablet taken 
every three hours. The external bathing with an antiseptic must 
be kept up, however. 



28 THE MARINER'S 

ROUND WORMS. 

Definition. — The round worm is reddish brown and tapers at 
both ends. The eggs are not destroyed by freezing and are also 
impervious to high temperature. They will live for years when 
deposited, and are found in dirty places where many people con- 
gregate. The number of worms existing at one time in the intes- 
tinal canal varies from one to five hundred. Where there are 
many they group themselves in bundles or rolls. Occasionally 
they work their way into the stomach, mouth and nose. They 
have been found in the liver, causing serious trouble. 

Cause. — Taken into the system through food and drink. 

Symptoms. — When the number present is small there are no 
particular symptoms, but in large numbers the digestion and 
nervous system are affected. The usual symptoms are colicky 
pains around the umbilicus (belly button), irregular appetite, 
occasional vomiting, sometimes diarrhoea, the stools containing 
mucus mixed with blood ; itching of the nose and anus, emacia- 
tion, restless nights, grinding of the teeth in sleep, etc. In young 
girls, from eight to fifteen, they are the cause of hysteria and 
attacks similar to epilepsy. The only proof of their existence is 
their presence in the stools or vomited matter. 

Treatment. — Give patient light diet for a day or two, then two 
Santonin and Calomel No. 2 tablets at night, followed by a dose of 
Epsom Salt or Castor Oil the next morning. Fifteen to thirty 
drops of Turpentine taken in milk is also an excellent remedy. 

THREAD WORMS. 

(SEAT WORMS) 

Definition. — A small worm from one-sixth to half an inch long, 
resembling a piece of white thread, inhabitating the large intes- 
tines and rectum. 

Cause. — Introduction into the intestines through food. 

Symptoms. — Intolerable itching at times, often worse at night 
when warm in bed, frequent desire for stools. The stools usually 
soft, bad smelling, and coated with slimy mucus in which the 
worms are often seen. 

Treatment — For adults, two Santonin and Calomel No. 2 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 29 

tablets at night, followed by a dose of Epsom Salt next morning. 
The itching and irritation of the parts may be relieved by bathing 
with a solution of Carbolic Acid (five drops to an ounce of water). 



TAPE-WORM. 

Definition. — A parasite taken in an embryotic form into the sys- 
tem with water or food. It develops after it reaches the intestines, 
reaching a length of from six to thirty feet. Its form is ribbon- 
like, and it is made up of segments or joints, which are flat and 
vary from one-eighth to half an inch in length. Bach segment 
contains both male and female reproductive organs. 

Cause. — Handling or eating raw meat or fish, or drinking 
water containing the embryo worm. 

Symptoms. — Disordered digestion, pain in the abdomen around 
the navel, itching of the nose and anus, excessive craving for 
food, which does not seem to nourish the patient ; loss of appetite 
in some cases, great thirst, palpitation of the heart, faintness, 
cough, shortness of breath and lassitude. The pain often dis- 
appears after eating, to make its appearance after a short interval. 
The most positive symptom is the presence of pieces of the 
worm in the passages from the bowels. 

Treatment. — Put patient on light diet (milk, tea and toast) for 
a few days ; give a dose of Castor Oil or Epsom Salt for two 
mornings, follow this treatment with one-half to one teaspoonful 
of Oleoresin of Male Fern given fasting, and repeat the dose in 
two or three hours. About four hours after first dose give some 
more Castor Oil. One to two ounces of Pumpkin Seeds beaten 
to a pulp and mixed with water or honey to a paste have also given 
excellent results. The same precautions as to diet and the use of 
Cathartics must be observed as mentioned above. 



RHEUMATISM. 

A disease affecting the joints or muscles, caused by an altered 
state of the blood. It may develop, by an inflammation and 
swelling of the joints, when it is known as "articular" rheuma- 
tism, or the muscles alone may be affected, when the term 
1 ' muscular ' ' rheumatism is applied. 



30 THE MARINER'S 

ARTICULAR RHEUMATISM. 

(inflammatory rheumatism, rheumatic fever) 

Definition. — An inflammation of the joints, coming on suddenly 
with high fever, great pain, redness, and swelling of the joints. 
Danger of the heart being affected. 

Causes. — Heredity, exposure to cold or continued dampness. 

Symptoms. — A sudden chill, followed by pain, stiffness of the 
joints and high fever ; profuse perspiration ; scanty, high colored 
urine, great thirst, constipation, and loss of appetite. The pain is 
often severe enough to prevent sleep. One or more joints may be 
attacked ; the affected part becomes red, swollen, tender upon 
pressure, and causes much pain if moved. 

Treatment. — In an acute attack put the patient to bed, cover 
well with blankets, avoid all drafts, but allow ventilation. Give 
one or two Rheumatism tablets every three or four hours until 
the bowels operate freely, then one every four hours until 
relieved. For pains in the joints dissolve a Liniment tablet in 
four ounces of alcohol and rub the affected parts gently. Relief 
may also be obtained by applying flannel cloths that have been 
dipped in water as hot as can be borne, and about one-quarter 
teaspoonf ul of turpentine sprinkled over them. These should be 
renewed as they cool. 

MUSCULAR RHEUMATISM. 

Definition. — Muscular rheumatism differs from articular or 
joint rheumatism in that the muscles only are affected. It may 
be either acute or chronic. There is pain, soreness and stiffness 
of the muscles, but without danger of any complication of heart 
disease. 

Cause. — Exposure to dampness or cold, improper food, con- 
stipation. 

Symptoms. — As a rule the first attack is sudden, with pain and 
stiffness in the muscles. The affected parts are tender to the 
touch, and every movement causes pain. There is absence of 
fever. Only certain of the muscles may be affected. When the 
muscles of the neck are involved, wry neck or stiff neck results. 
The muscles of the chest are often attacked, and pain is experi- 
enced on breathing or coughing. This is often mistaken for 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 3 1 

pleurisy, but may be distinguished by absence of fever, the 
breathing and pulse being both normal. A third form known as 
lumbago attacks the muscles of the small of the back, this comes 
on very suddenly, is extremely painful, and at times prevents the 
patient from moving without the most excruciating pains. 

Treatment. — For stiff neck, rub the affected parts with a lini- 
ment made by dissolving one Liniment tablet in four ounces 
alcohol. Cover the part with flannel. 

For muscular pains in the chest, apply a flaxseed poultice and 
give a Salol and Phenacetine tablet with two grains of Quinine 
every two hours until relieved. 

For lumbago, use the liniment and give the Salol and Phenace- 
tine and Quinine as directed above. 

In both articular and muscular rheumatism, after the acute 
attacks have passed, give a tablet of Sodium Salicylate, 5 grains, 
after each meal and at bedtime. Support the strength with 
Blaud's Pill Comp. No. 4, and keep the bowels regular with 
Cascara Comp. No. 3 taken as required at bedtime. 



NEURALGIA. 

Definition. — A disease affecting the nerves due to disordered 
nutrition ; acute shooting pains, local in character. One or more 
sets of nerves may be involved. 

Causes. — Debility, malaria, decayed teeth, disordered state of 
of the blood, mental worry, exposure to dampness, cold. 

Symptoms. — Sharp shooting pains following the course of the 
nerves, and affecting various parts of the body. It may attack 
the face, causing severe spasmodic pains of a darting or stabbing 
character in the left cheek and extending over the eyebrow ; or 
the arm, hand and shoulder may be involved, with burning pain, 
spasmodic in character, accompanied with a sense of weakness or 
numbness. At times swelling occurs and the skin becomes 
dry and shiny. What is called intercostal neuralgia is often mis- 
taken by the patient for a sudden attack of pleurisy, especially if 
he has a cold at the same time. It may be distinguished, how- 
ever, by absence of cough and fever. Pains are of the same general 
character, and occur between the ribs and around the nipple. 
Frequently associated with an eruption upon the skin. 



32 THE MARINER'S 

Lumbo-abdominal neuralgia is another form of neuralgia 
occurring in the small of the back, and following the nerves 
across the stomach and shooting down the inside of the thigh. 

Sciatica results when the sciatic nerve is affected. The pain 
here originates in the upper part of the hip and extends down the 
hip and thigh. It may also involve the calf of the leg, ankle and 
heel. Attacks are very painful and may last from a few hours to 
several days. If long continued, due to a diseased condition of 
the nerves, wasting of the limb is liable to occur. 

Treatment. — Hot water applications externally. Internally in 
mild attacks a tablet of Salol and Phenacetine every two or three 
hours. In severe cases, Neuralgia tablets (Dr. Brown-Sequard) 
one-half strength, given every three or four hours until relieved. 
In sciatica, two Sciatica tablets every three or four hours, with one 
Salol and Phenacetine. Use the liniment also as directed on page 
31. To prevent attacks look after the nourishment of patient. 
After the acute attack give atonic, Blaud's Pill Comp. No. 4, after 
meals. 



NEURALGIA OF THE HEART. 

(ANGINA pectoris) 

Definition. — An acute affection of the heart, manifested by 
sharp, shooting pains around the heart and extending into the left 
shoulder and down the left arm. Feeble circulation, cold sweat, 
great oppression and fear of death. In nervous patients attacks of 
"false angina" are often encountered, with distention of the 
abdomen, flatulence, great restlessness, irregular pulse, and pains 
about the heart. These attacks are usually hysterical in character, 
and, though alarming, are never dangerous. 

Causes. — True Angina. Often hereditary, diseased valves of 
the heart, excessive use of tobacco. 

False Angina — Debility, nervous prostration, delayed diges- 
tion with fermentation of food. 

Symptoms. — Irregular attacks of a sudden and violent char- 
acter. The patient starts with a cry of horror and is unable to 
lie down, the forehead is covered with a cold, clammy sweat, the 
breathing is quickened, the heart's action slow and weak, there is 
great oppression and anxiety, severe darting pains in and around 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 33 

the heart, extending to the left shoulder and arm. Nausea and 
vomiting occur, and the secretion from the kidneys is largely in- 
creased. Death frequently takes place during an attack. 

Treatment. — Nitroglycerine tablet, i-ioo grain, every two or 
three hours until relieved. After the attack give a Heart Stimu- 
lant tablet three or four times a day, or as required. Keep up the 
strength with one Iron, Quinine and Strychnine No. 2 tablet 
three or four times a day. 

The patient should be carefully watched, and everything which 
tends to cause excitement should be avoided. 



PALPITATION OF THE HEART. 

( IRRITABLE HEART) 

Definition. — A disturbance of the heart manifested by marked 
rapidity and irregularity of the heart's action. 

Causes. — Dyspepsia, excessive use of tobacco, tea, coffee, or 
alcohol ; over-exertion, grief, fear. 

Symptoms. — Sudden feeling of oppression in the chest, usually 
with pain ; rapid and irregular beating of the heart ; the thump- 
ing of the heart can be plainly felt, and is often noticeable through 
the patient's clothing. A sense of choking and smothering in the 
throat, which prevents the sufferer from lying down. The patient 
experiences great anxiety, dizziness, faintness, and fear of sudden 
death. Attacks vary in severity and duration, lasting at times 
from a few minutes to several hours. The disorder is not danger- 
ous, and patients soon recover if properly treated. 

Treatment. — Remove the cause as soon as possible. Give a 
Heart Stimulant tablet three or four times a day until relieved. 
If patient is debilitated give a tablet of Iron, Quinine and Strych- 
nine No. 2 three or four times a day. Application of cold to the 
heart will often lessen the paroxysm, and at times wearing a Bella- 
donna plaster over the heart will afford great relief. 



DIABETES. 

Definition. — A chronic disease, manifested by large increase in 
the quantity of urine passed. There are two varieties. One 
where the urine shows a constant presence of grape sugar, the 



34 THE MARINER'S 

other where the urinary secretion may be very great, but no 
sugar is present. 

Cause. — Diseases of the nervous system. Mental shocks, 
heredity, excessive eating of farinaceous foods, and the habitual 
drinking of malt liquors to excess, which give rise to disorders of 
the liver and kidneys. Most common in males. 

Symptoms. — Diabetes mellitus is the name given to the dis- 
ease, where in addition to the large quantity of urine passed, 
grape sugar is constantly present. The symptoms are as follows : 
Inability to retain urine, which is passed at short intervals in 
large quantities. May amount to three or four gallons in the 
twenty-four hours. Color pale, clear, readily ferments if kept, 
contains varying amounts of sugar. Great thirst ; mouth is dry 
and parched ; tongue red, tender and cracked ; breath has at times 
a peculiar sweetish odor. Appetite capricious, may be abnormal 
or absent. Stomach and bowels are disordered. Great weakness 
in the limbs, with pain, soreness and loss of flesh. Eyesight 
poor, skin hard and dry, mental condition irritable, face has a 
careworn, anxious look. 

Diabetes insipidus presents many symptoms similar to those 
described in the above disease, but differs from it by the absence 
of sugar in the urine. 

Treatment. — No sugar or starchy foods can be allowed, such 
as potatoes, pease, beans, rice, farina, bananas, bread, etc. Diet 
should consist of animal food, such as meat, poultry or fish. Tea, 
coffee, or cocoa may be permitted in moderate quantity without 
sugar. Milk, if it can be secured, is an excellent food. Flannel 
should be worn next to the body, and warm baths taken two or 
three times a week to keep the skin active. After meals give a 
tablet of Potass. Arsenitis, 1-50 grain, with one Sodium Salicylate 5 
grains, and continue treatment as long as patient shows sign of 
improvement. As a tonic give one Iron, Quinine and Strychnine 
No. 2 tablet after meals. 

By attention to diet and use of the above remedies, marked 
improvement will result, but cure is extremely doubtful. 

If the patient chafes under the deprivation of sugar, Saccharin 
may be used in its place. 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 35 

EPILEPSY. 

(EPILEPTIC FITS) 

Definition. — A disease of the brain, manifested by sudden loss 
of consciousness and convulsive action of the muscles. 

Causes. — Inherited tendency, disturbance of the brain by 
pressure of thickened membrane, syphilis, sudden fright, over- 
work or worry. 

Symptoms. — The attacks come on very suddenly at irregular 
intervals, and vary greatly in their severity. The patient falls, 
utters a peculiar cry, and becomes unconscious. The face is pale 
and the body rigid ; soon convulsive movements of the muscles 
occur, followed by a stupor which may last for several hours. 
The mind is a complete blank during the attack. 

Treatment. — Loosen the clothing about the body. Place a 
cork between the back teeth, so as to prevent patient biting the 
tongue. Little can be done while the fit lasts ; although alarming 
to the spectator, there is rarely any serious danger to the patient 
during the attack. To prevent recurrence give a Sedative tablet 
with half a glass of water, after meals and at bedtime. Look 
after the general health. As a tonic to build up the patient and 
prevent attacks, give Blaud's Pill No. 4, one after meals. To 
relieve constipation, one or two Cascara Comp. No. 3 tablets 
may be given at bedtime. 

APOPLEXY. 

(CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE— A PARALYTIC STROKE) 

Definition. — A sudden suspension of consciousness and volun- 
tary motion, caused by the rupture of a blood-vessel in the head, 
the escape of blood causing pressure upon the brain. 

Cause. — Disease of the blood-vessels, excess of eating or drink- 
ing, Bright' s-disease, gout ; hereditary. 

Symptoms. — Attacks occur suddenly or they may develop 
gradually with headache, vertigo, numbness of the extremities, 
occasional periods of deafness, dimness of vision, confusion of 
ideas and marked debility of mental powers. 

The attack begins with vomiting and complete relaxation of 
the muscular system, face flushed, pulse slow and full, the blood- 
vessels of the head throbbing, the breathing is loud and labored, 



36 THE MARINER'S 

the skin covered with profuse perspiration, the eyes bloodshot 
and glassy. Loss of consciousness may be either partial or com- 
plete. Temperature at first below normal, but rises within the 
first twenty-four hours to ioo°-ioi° F. In mild cases the reaction 
begins in one-half to three hours. If a state of insensibility lasts 
more than twenty-four hours, death is usually the outcome of 
the attack. 

Treatment. — Loosen the clothing, raise the head, apply ice or 
cold water to the head and put the feet in a mustard foot-bath, 
or apply mustard plasters to the soles of the feet and calves of the 
legs. Give an injection of two tablespoonfuls of Sweet Oil and a 
teaspoonful of Spirits of Turpentine. After the patient regains 
consciousness give a dose of Epsom Salt. All stimulants should 
be forbidden and only a light diet allowed. Patient should have 
complete rest and quiet. 



DELIRIUM TREMENS. 

Definition. — A peculiar exhausted condition of the nervous 
system, the result of excessive intoxication with alcoholic liquids, 

Symptoms. — Tremor of the limbs, loss of sleep, irritability, 
hallucinations ; the patient talks incessantly and imagines that he 
sees various repulsive objects, snakes, toads, etc., causing great 
terror. This excitement is followed by great depression, clammy 
skin, feeble pulse and loss of muscular strength. 

Treatment. — Open the bowels with a good dose of Epsom 
Salt. Give one Sedative tablet with water, and repeat every two 
hours until the patient falls asleep. Keep up the strength with 
beef tea or broth, and allow a small quantity of stimulant daily, 
carefully watching its effect. The patient should be kept under 
observation as he may attempt suicide. 

CHOREA. 

(SAINT VITUS' DANCE) 

Definition. — A distressing, uncontrollable movement of the 
muscles. 

Causes. — Diseases of the nerve centres, shock to the nervous 
system, as fright ; exposure ; rheumatism is a frequent cause. 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 37 

Symptoms. — In most cases the start is gradual, the patient 
appearing to be making faces by twisting the mouth and other 
muscles. Jerking of the arms and hands in attempting to take 
anything. The legs and feet are so disabled by these movements 
as to make walking uncertain. In severe cases speech is impaired, 
and the patient is unable to feed himself or hold anything in his 
hands. 

Treatment. — Three tablets of Potass. Arsenitis, 1-50 grain, 
three times a day after meals, increasing by one tablet night and 
morning until the symptoms are controlled, when the dose should 
be gradually reduced. If pain in the stomach occurs, discontinue 
the medicine for a few days. Diet should be light and nourishing, 
the bowels kept regular, and in aggravated cases the patient 
should be put to bed in a darkened room and kept quiet. If pale 
and weak, give an Iron, Quinine and Strychnine No. 2 with the 
other tablets. Bach case requires special treatment. Many are 
cured by a course of electricity. 

ERYSIPELAS. 

(THE ROSE, ST. ANTHONY'S EIRE) 

Definition. — An acute inflammation of the skin, soon extend- 
ing in severe cases to the deeper tissues ; marked by fever, a 
peculiar, rapidly spreading eruption, with swelling of the tissues, 
which present a tense, shiny appearance. 

Cause. — Specific infection. 

Symptoms. — Sudden chill, followed by fever which soon 
reaches 104 or 105 ; coated tongue, vomiting and often diarrhoea. 
Delirium is frequent in those who use alcohol, and resembles 
delirium tremens. The eruption soon follows the fever, beginning 
as red spots, which rapidly run together and spread. A sense of 
heat and tightness and tingling is caused by the great swelling 
(oedema) , which presents a shiny appearance. The swelling often 
closes the eyes. After five or six days the eruption begins to pass 
away, leaving the parts tender, with peeling of the skin. Some- 
times it will extend to the brain and lower part of the throat, 
making it dangerous ; also dangerous when it attacks drunkards. 

Treatment. — Mild cases require little treatment. Patient 
should be isolated, put on a nourishing diet, and given two or 



38 THE MARINER'S 

more Cascara Comp. No. 3 tablets at night to keep bowels open. 
Apply Carbolated Vaseline to the affected parts to reduce the 
inflammation. For severe cases, dissolve eight tablets of Lead 
and Opium Wash in one pint of boiling water, and apply as hot 
as possible. 

Support the strength with beef tea and stimulants, and give a 
tablet of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine No. 2 every three hours. 
If the fever is high, give a tablet of Aconite Comp. No. 2 every 
two hours until the fever subsides. 



BOILS. 

Definition. — An inflammation of the skin and underlying 
tissue, liable to occur on any part of the body, but rarely on the 
sole of the foot or palm of the hand. All periods of life are sus- 
ceptible to attacks. 

Causes. — Causes are at times hard to define, but generally 
their formation is due to disordered digestion, improper working 
of the liver, diseased and inactive kidneys, general debility, or 
the result of local friction, bruises, or undue pressure. 

Symptoms. — Boils commence with a small, hard, red pimple 
and develop to the size of a small grape. They may come singly 
or in groups. The pain at first is of a smarting, burning character, 
but as the pus accumulates, it becomes throbbing and very severe. 
The skin becomes drawn and tight, dark red and sensitive. 
Finally, at the apex, a small, yellow spot appears, showing where 
it is going to open. If there are a number of boils, the entire 
body is affected more or less by fever, loss of appetite, bad taste 
in the mouth, headache, chilliness and great discomfort. They 
usually last from four to eight days. 

Treatment. — Poultice freely and make a good incision with a 
knife to let the contents flow freely. The throbbing that accom- 
panies them can often be allayed by the use of a strong solution 
of Carbolic Acid and Glycerine painted over the surface. Lead and 
Opium Wash, made by dissolving eight tablets in a pint of water, 
will give relief. Internally, give a purgative (Epsom or Rochelle 
Salt) , and follow by a tablet of Calcium Sulphide, 1-2 grain, and one 
Orthodox tablet three times a day, with water, after meals. Keep 
the skin in healthy condition by bathing frequently. 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 39 

ABSCESS. 

Definition. — A hard, painful swelling gradually growing larger, 
until the swollen tissue softens and breaks, with discharge of 
matter. 

Cause. — A blow or strain. 

Symptoms. — Great pain confined to one spot, skin drawn, with 
more or less swelling and redness, the part throbs as the matter 
forms, and the swelling grows larger until it finally bursts. 

Treatment. — Hot flaxseed poultices, applied frequently. If 
pain is severe apply hot Lead and Opium Wash. Lancing or 
puncturing with a clean needle will save much time, allowing the 
matter to escape. Continue the poultice until no more matter 
is discharged, then keep the wound covered with Carbolated 
Vaseline until it heals. 

SWOLLEN FACE. 

(DUE TO DECAYED TEETH) 

Swelling of the gum and face due to a decayed tooth may be 
relieved by thrusting a small lancet or a large needle into the gum. 

Neglect of the teeth will often cause swelling of the gum and 
face due to the formation of an abscess at the root of the tooth. 
If allowed to proceed the swelling and pain increase as the pus 
forms, and if, as is commonly done, hot applications be applied 
to the face, there is danger of bringing the pus to the surface of 
the skin, resulting in an ugly wound which, when healed, leaves 
quite a deep hole in the face. 

In cases of this kind, the tooth, if decayed and cannot be saved, 
should be drawn at once ; but if for any reason this cannot be 
done, the gum should be punctured near the tooth with a large 
clean needle or small lancet. The opening must be made well up 
into the abscess so as to allow the escape of the matter ; the 
mouth should then be rinsed with water as hot as can be borne, 
after which the Antiseptic Pastiles (Seller's Formula — one in two 
ounces of water) should be used freely as a mouth wash until all 
the inflammation subsides. Occasionally it may be necessary to 
lance the gum a second time, but if the abscess is well opened the 
first time this will not be required. 



40 THE MARINER'S 

ENLARGED VEINS. 

(varicose veins) 

Definition. — Dilation of the veins due to a weakened muscular 
condition of the blood vessels. 

Causes. — Tight garters, standing constantly, predisposition. 

Symptoms. — Severe pains in the veins, which appear much 
enlarged, distended and knotted, frequently the skin breaks and 
bleeding occurs, the wound healing slowly and often developing 
into a slow-healing ulcer. 

Varicocele is a painful enlargement of the veins of the 
scrotum, often due to self-abuse. Piles are caused by enlarged 
veins in the rectum. 

Treatment. — Remove all tight bands about the affected part. 
If the varicose veins are on the leg the patient should stand as 
little as possible, and should wear an elastic stocking or a wide 
bandage to support the blood vessels. For varicocele, dissolve 
eight Lead and Opium Wash tablets in one pint of water, and 
apply on a soft cloth. Patient should wear a suspensory bandage 
to support the testicles. 

Care should be given to the general health, and the bowels 
kept open with an occasional dose of Cascara Comp. No. 3 at 
night. In case of severe bleeding the same general rules apply as 
given under Bleeding, page 44. 

venereal diseases. 

Three distinct affections are included in the name venereal. 
They all arise in the majority of instances from impure sexual 
connections. They may all exist and be contracted at the same 
time. 

GONORRHOEA. 

Definition. — It is an inflammation of the mucus membrane of 
the urethra (pipe), caused by contact with poisoned virus. It is 
a local disease. However, it can, and does by the inflamma- 
tion, run into the bladder and from there into the kidneys. In 
consequence of personal carelessness it may attack the anus, nose 
or eyes, frequently destroying the sight. 

Long, narrow foreskin helps to contract the disease by retain- 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 41 

ing the vims in its folds. Circumcision for cleanliness and as a 
preventive is to be encouraged. 

Symptoms. — They are divided into three stages. The first 
stage is a sort of tingling or smarting along the passage, especially 
at the end of the organ, and a feeling of weight in the penis. 
Shortly after this the mouth of the tube becomes red and pouting, 
glued with a whitish discharge. The head of the penis is swol- 
len, and when passing urine there is more or less burning or 
scalding. In squeezing the penis a little mucus passes out which 
discolors the linen. These symptoms last from one to two 
days. The discharge is now quite abundant, often as much 
as one-half ounce in twenty-four hours ; thick, light yellow color, 
often turning greenish. The whole penis is swollen and painful. 
The head is very red and congested. The passing of urine causes 
great pain, and the stream is much smaller and squirts in different 
directions. When the inflammation is at its height the pain may 
extend to other parts. These symptoms last for several weeks, 
gradually declining until cured, but if there is any irregularity of 
habit, or the case is poorly treated, it will run into a chronic con- 
dition called gleet, which is obstinate to treat and discouraging to 
the patient. 

Chordee is very common, and is generally the source of a great 
deal of distress. It is never absent during the height of the in- 
flammation. It is always more severe at night when the patient 
becomes warm in bed, causing sleeplessness and excessive pain. 

Cystitis is another complication. It is caused by an extension 
of the inflammation from the urethra (pipe) to the bladder. It is 
disagreeable and painful. There is a constant desire to void the 
urine. 

Epididymitis is a swelling and inflammation of the testes, which 
often swell to great size, accompanied by great pain and mental 
distress. It is the result of cold or irritating injections. 

Bubo is an occasional consequence of gonorrhoea, but as a rule 
does not suppurate. However, it is very painful. 

Stricture of the urethra (pipe) owing to the protracted inflam- 
mation of the membrane is more liable to be caused than any 
other injury. 

Treatment. — Internal and external. 

Internal.— Tablet Salol and Copaiba Comp. One or two 
three times a day. 



42 THE MARINER'S 

Extern ae. — Tablet Potass. Permanganate, one grain. Dis- 
solve one tablet in four ounces of water and inject three times 
daily. Syringe should have a long nozzle, be well oiled, and hold 
two ounces. Urine should be voided before using syringe. Paint 
the penis along the canal with Tincture Iodine diluted with 
three parts of Alcohol morning and night. Bathing for cleanli- 
ness is important. 

CHANCROID. 

Chancroid is a disease which resembles a chancre, but differs 
from it in being a local contagious venereal ulcer. The ulcer as a. 
rule first makes its appearance on the penis. The sore is flat, 
uneven, coated with a grayish or dirty drab colored deposit. The 
edges are overhanging and more or less ragged. If the ulcer is 
on the head of the penis, the edges are steep, ragged and under- 
mined. The nature of a chancroid is to spread. It throws off an 
abundance of purulent fluid, highly inoculable, giving rise often 
to a number of sores, during the progress of the disease. The 
chancroid is followed in a large number of cases by buboes, being 
usually limited to one of the glands in the groin which gradually 
becomes inflamed and swollen, and eventually turn into an ugly 
ulcer. Like the original ulcer the matter running from this is 
inoculable. 

The system takes little or no notice of a chancroid, except 
when previously in a debilitated condition ; then there may be 
some fever due to other complications. The pain from a chancroid 
is very little unless the sore is very large. 

Chancroid does not run a regular course. It acts considerably 
like a common boil ; one day it looks as if it were getting well 
and the next day it has taken just the opposite course. Simple 
ulcers, abrasions, or excoriations are liable to appear and may be 
mistaken for chancroid. They may result from a great variety 
of causes : rubbing of the trousers, uncleanliness, etc. However, 
such ulcers are superficial and do not extend any depth, although 
they may spread. The matter that comes from them is thin and 
watery and they are usually surrounded with considerable inflam- 
mation, which is seldom found in a chancroid. The most im- 
portant feature is that they readily disappear with cleanliness, 
and treatment. 

Treatment. — Internal and external. 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 43 

Internal. — Give one Orthodox tablet three times a day after 
meals with water. 

External. — Add two Blackwash tablets to a half pint of 
water and apply on lint or soft linen. Shake the bottle before 
applying. 

SYPHILIS. 

The term Syphilis is applied to a disease commencing in the 
genital organs in the form of a sore of a specific character, pass- 
ing into the glands of the groin and finally the muscles, cartilage, 
bones, and the entire system. These different parts do not all 
suffer at one and the same time. The poison seems to lie there for 
future injury. 

In the first instance the poison is limited to the genital organs 
and glands of the groin. After lingering there for six or seven 
weeks, the skin and mouth begin to suffer, and still later, from 
six to eighteen months, the bones, cartilage, muscles, etc., are 
attacked. In this manner three distinct groups of syphilis exist, 
known respectively as Primary, Secondary and Tertiary — the 
first, second, and third stages. 

The initial lesion or primary chancre can be deposited on any 
part of the body. The penis, however, is the most likely part ; 
it has been discovered on the legs, anus, tongue, nose, fingers and 
arms. 

The period of incubation, or the time for contracting the 
poison until it shows, varies from two to three weeks. 

There is, at times, a very considerable difference in the size 
and appearance of the sore. That depends entirely upon the con- 
dition of the person affected, also the kind of poison deposited. 
If the sore that first appears is not irritated in any way, it gene- 
rally appears in a rounded or oval shape. To the touch it feels 
like a pea under the skin. It is smooth and polished, of a reddish 
or grayish color, varying in size. There is no pus unless irritated 
— simply a thin, watery discharge, and very little of that. This 
excretion does not affect other parts as does chancroid pus. In 
three cases out of four there will be but one sore. 

In case the chancre becomes irritated, the sore has an appear- 
ance as though it had been scraped out. The edges will have 
a hard crust of grayish color ; pressing the sore between the 
fingers will reveal the hard feeling spoken of before. Occasion- 



44 THE MARINER S 

ally a chancre and a chancroid will appear side by side, but the dif- 
ference will be readily seen ; one will be hard and the other soft. 

Gangrenous chancres appear at times. They are muddy, 
darkish or blackish in appearance. Persons of debilitated condi- 
tion or intemperate habits are more prone to this condition. For- 
tunately this form of chancre is quite rare. A chancre once 
contracted prevents a recurrence ; a person cannot take syphilis 
a second time. 

When a chancre appears first in the urethra (pipe) the sore does 
not amount to much, as the acid of the urine and the cleaning it 
gets soon heals it. Here, again, the sore is recognized by the hard- 
ness to the touch. 

Chancre of the finger is very painful. The inflammation ex- 
tends to the hand and arm, causing a great amount of swelling. 
Chancre of the lips is a result of kissing, using table utensils or 
drinking-cups in public places. There is generally but one 
chancre. It is oval, and of the usual hardness. The discharge is 
thin and scanty. The entire lip is painful and stiff. The glands 
under the jaw and around the ears are swollen. In chancre of the 
tongue it is usually the tip of that member that is affected. The 
sore is very hard and indolent. 

Treatment. — One or two Orthodox tablets three times daily 
with water. Keep the bowels regular ; if necessary take laxative 
tablet. 

ACCIDENTS. 

In all cases where the patient has been injured by an accident, 
ascertain at once the nature of the injury. If bleeding occurs this 
must be stopped before anything else is done. 

BLEEDING. 

Venous Bleeding. — Bleeding from the veins may be known 
by the color of the blood, which has a dark red or purple color, 
and wells out in a continuous stream ; it may be stopped by press- 
ing the thumb or finger near or into the wound, until a compress 
can be obtained, which may be made from a piece of linen or 
cloth or from a handkerchief folded into a square pad, which must 
be placed below the wound and bandaged tightly. 

Arterial Bleeding. — The blood from the arteries is of a bright 
red color, and spurts out in jets. It may be stopped by pressure 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 45 

upon the limb above the wound. Make the patient lie down at 
once unless the head is injured, and if the bleeding occurs from 
one of the limbs, lift up the wounded part ; if the artery can be 
located, press upon it at once with the fingers until a bandage can 
be procured, then place any hard substance over the artery and 
apply a bandage as tightly as possible until the bleeding is con- 
trolled. A piece of soft rubber tubing or an elastic suspender is an 
excellent thing and will stop the bleeding. If the bandage does 
not arrest the flow of blood thrust a stick under the bandage and 
twist it until the bleeding is controlled. In case this does not 
stop the bleeding the artery must be tied ; this is accomplished by 
washing the wound, releasing the pressure, and as soon as the artery 
can be located seize it with a pair of tweezers, draw it out slightly 
above the surface of the wound and tie it with a piece of silk. 
This should be done, however, only as a last resort. 

A hard substance placed in the armpit, and the arm strapped 
tightly to the body, will arrest bleeding from the arm. A ruler, 
or a large potato, or any like article, placed under the knee and 
the leg bent back to the thigh and held firmly in position by a 
stout bandage will arrest bleeding from the leg. 

In all cases where bleeding occurs it is necessary to act 
promptly and with decision. Above all things keep cool, and if 
possible summon a physician at once, but never neglect to stop 
the flow of blood as promptly as possible, as delays may result in 
death. 

Bleeding from the Nose. — Most cases need no attention save a 
compress made of paper placed between the upper lip and the 
gum, this presses upon the blood vessels and stops the bleeding. 
In more severe cases apply ice or cold applications to the nose and 
back of the neck. Careful plugging of the nostrils by allowing 
the blood to form a clot will be necessary in some cases. This is 
best accomplished by taking a long, narrow strip of cheese cloth 
or old muslin, which should be pushed carefully into the nostril 
by means of a penholder or pencil as far as it will go, the balance 
of the strip should then be pushed in gently but firmly and the 
end allowed to hang from the nose. If the bleeding continues 
and finds its way into the mouth, remove the plug and insert it 
again, packing it more tightly. After several hours the plug may 
be withdrawn by pulling the end of the strip hanging from the 
nose, which should be done with the greatest care so as not to 



46 THE MARINER'S 

start the bleeding again. If the bandage has dried and adhered 
to the membrane no force should be used, but it should be 
loosened with a little warm water or oil. 

Internal Bleeding. — This may occur from the stomach or the 
lungs. When from the stomach the blood is of a dark red or 
black color, and often mixed with food. It is vomited up and is 
never frothy. The patient should be made to lie down with the 
head and shoulders slightly raised. Give ice chopped in small 
pieces, and place a piece of ice wrapped in a cloth over the 
stomach. Give a half teaspoonful of turpentine in cold milk 
every two or three hours. 

Bleeding from the Lungs. — This is caused by the breaking of 
a blood vessel in the lungs. The blood is bright red and frothy, 
and is usually accompanied by coughing and a rattling sound in 
the chest. The patient should be made to lie down with the 
head and chest slightly raised. Give him chopped ice and a tea- 
spoonful of salt dissolved in a wineglass of water. Apply cold 
applications to the chest. 

WOUNDS. 

Treatment. — All kinds of wounds are treated upon the same 
general principles : Cleaning, closing, and watching for subse- 
quent trouble, as inflammation and reopening of the wound. 
Most people can sew or know how to use a needle. If they will 
only close a gaping wound with the same confidence as they do a 
torn garment the wound will heal so nicely that they will never 
again hesitate to immediately use the needle and thread in a 
emergency. 

The skin around the wound, if in a hairy part of the body, 
should be shaved or the hair cut as closely as possible with a pair 
of scissors. Wash with antiseptic solution made by putting a 
tablet of Bichloride in a basin of water. Take as many stitches 
as are necessary to bring the edges of the wound together, usually 
half an inch apart. When the wound is closed lay on it a piece 
of soft linen saturated in the Bichloride solution ; gently put on 
a bandage, and nature will do the rest. 

Wounds that refuse to heal and are discharging quantities of 
matter may be poulticed until they become clean ; then they are 
to be daily dressed with an antiseptic. Keep the bowels open with 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 47 

Calomel Comp. No. 3, or one or two Compound Cathartic tablets 
taken at night. 

If there is fever, give an Aconite Comp. No. 2 tablet every 
hour for three hours and then one every two hours to keep fever 
down and put patient into a profuse perspiration. 

For undue swelling, wet a cloth with a solution of lead and 
opium, made by dissolving a Lead and Opium Wash tablet in two 
tablespoonfuls of water, and lay it on the swollen part. 



BRUISES, CONTUSIONS. 

Definition. — An injury to the tissues under the skin. 

Cause. — External violence, blows, falls. 

Symptoms. — Bruises are of such common occurrence as to 
need but little description. Pain is felt over the injury, which 
becomes sharper if the bruise is deep seated, the part swells, and 
becomes discolored (black and blue). 

Treatment. — If the bruise is severe apply Lead and Opium 
Wash, hot on cloths, renewing them as they grow cool. If of a 
less serious character cold applications may be used. 



FRACTURES. 

(broken bones) 

Definition. — A fracture is a division of the bone by external 
violence or muscular contraction. Fractures may be simple or 
compound. Simple — when the flesh covering the bone is not 
torn. Compound — where the flesh is torn by the end of the broken 
bone, which may protrude through the wound. 

Cause. — External violence, sudden contraction of the muscles. 
In old age the bones become brittle and break easily. Certain 
diseases destroy the strength of the bones — as syphilis, scurvy, 
rickets, gout, and rheumatism. 

Symptoms. — Fractures may be distinguished by a sudden de- 
formity of the limb ; either the limb will be shorter or there will 
be a protrusion or lump that is not noticeable upon the corre- 
sponding part of the body. Motion is interfered with, and in 
compound fractures great pain exists from the tearing of the flesh. 
In attempting to move the broken limb a peculiar grating noise, 



48 THE MARINER'S 

called crepitus, caused by the broken ends of the bones rubbing 
together may be heard. 

Treatment. — In dealing with a fracture, handle the broken part 
as tenderly as possible, yet let your examination be thorough 
enough to ascertain the exact injury. If the patient can be 
treated on the spot, and the fracture is a simple one, the bone 
should be set at once, otherwise swelling and inflammation will 
set in and prevent you from doing it ; this is done by gently pull- 
ing the broken limb back into shape. One person should hold 
the broken limb above the injury, and a second should pull gently 
at the lower part, until the ends of the bones meet in their normal 
position, when they should be held in place by a bandage or 
splint. The best form is the plaster paris bandage, which, when 
dry, acts also as a splint. To make a plaster bandage, mix some 
plaster of paris with water to the consistency of cream, apply the 
bandage to the limb, and between each fold put some of the wet 
plaster, which soon dries, and holds the broken parts in proper 
position. Care must be used not to apply bandage so tightly as 
to interfere with the circulation ; should this be done by mistake, 
cut the entire bandage down the centre and restrap it by an out- 
side bandage. If no plaster is at hand, a splint may be made out 
of a thin piece of board, leather, felt, or thick pasteboard ; these 
may be moulded to the proper shape by soaking in hot water 
until they become pliable. It is a good plan to carry a variety of 
felt splints, as they can be easily adjusted, and form a light, strong 
and durable support. Before applying them they should be put 
in hot water and moulded to the parts ; when dry they retain 
their shape. 

In case of a compound fracture, if the bone protrudes, it must 
be put back, which can be usually accomplished by gentle pulling, 
as in simple fractures. If the flesh has contracted about the 
bone so that the latter cannot be drawn back, the wound may 
have to be enlarged with a lancet. After the bone has been put in 
proper place, wash the wound with solution of carbolic acid (a 
teaspoonful well stirred into a pint of water), cover with a piece 
of bichloride gauze, and apply a plaster bandage or splint. If 
plaster bandage, cut out a space over the wound so that it can be 
looked after if necessary. If splints are used there should be one 
on either side of the limb. After the wound has been dressed the 
patient should be allowed to rest so as not to disturb the broken limb. 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 49 

Injury to bone heals in the same manner as those of the flesh. 
The closer the parts are put together the more quickly they unite. 
The first stage is from the first to eighth day, when nature is 
engaged in repairing the injury ; absorption of the swelling and 
exudations occur, the healing process goes on quietly and surely, 
the bone commences to form about the eighteenth day, provided 
no suppuration or fever ensues. 

Where the patient cannot be attended on the spot, and the 
injury is such that he must be carried, place him upon a wide 
board, a door or stretcher, so that he can lie at length without 
movement of the limbs. 

Bags filled with sand are useful to steady a part by laying 
them alongside of the broken member. 

Bandages. — In the use of bandages, either to support the limb 
or to put on the outside of the first dressing, great care must be 
taken not to have them too light nor too loose. Great injury is 
done by being too tight. Commence the bandage always at the 
toes, if the leg is injured ; at the fingers, if the arm, and wind it as 
uniformly as possible so there will be equal pressure on all sides. 

If you pinch the nails of the finger or toe, that will drive the 
blood from the tissues underneath, and the part will become 
blanched and white ; if, on removing the pressure, the color 
returns instantly, you may feel certain that the circulation is all 
right. 

The fracture having been dressed, give light nourishing diet 
for a few days. The bowels need not be disturbed for three or 
four days. If necessary, give a laxative. 

If fever rises to give alarm, give tablet Aconite Comp. No. 2 
every hour until the temperature falls. For pain give Morphine 
Comp. No. 4 tablet. If great swelling occurs the dressing may 
be removed in the first twenty-four hours, but it does harm to 
remove the dressing too often. If the patient passes the first week 
nicely he will do well after that. 

In fracture of the arm the patient is able to be about very soon, 
carrying it in a sling, but with the leg or thigh it is very different. 
He is obliged to remain in a recumbent position for a long 
time. Where, by long continued quiet, the patient's limb becomes 
stiff, due to want of movement of the muscles, as soon as the 
bone has united the patient should commence to move the joints, 
gently at first, and gradually increase the force. The time to 



50 THE MARINER'S 

start the movement is at the end of the third week, once a day, 
or every other day. The patient should be assisted by some one. 
The parts are made more pliable by the use of warm water douches. 
After gentle massage, rub the parts with a liniment, always using 
care not to put too much strain on the limb at first. 

DISLOCATIONS. 

Definition. — Dislocations are caused by the end of a bone 
becoming displaced, by slipping out of socket or " out of joint," 
as it is commonly called. They may be known by the changed 
shape or deformity of the joint, as compared with its fellow on the 
other side of the body. The limb is longer or shorter, is fixed in 
one position, and cannot be moved by the patient ; pain is felt at 
the joint, with numbness in the part affected. 

Cause. — Sudden wrench or twist sufficient to stretch or tear 
the ligament and allow the bone to slip out of place. 

Treatment. — The same general plan may be adopted for the 
treatment of all dislocations, and consists in prompt extension of 
the dislocated part into the proper position, so that the muscles 
may have a chance to draw it back into its place. 

The suspected part should be carefully examined in order to 
determine whether a dislocation has occurred or the limb has been 
fractured. In all cases of broken bones there is a peculiar grating 
sound (called crepitus), when the limb is moved, caused by the 
ragged ends of the broken bones grating together, which is absent 
in dislocations. 

Dislocations may occur at any of the joints, but only the more 
important ones will be described. 

The Jaw. — Dislocation of the lower jaw occurs from opening 
the mouth too wide while yawning or laughing. The jaws cannot 
be closed and the patient remains with mouth wide open, the 
saliva dropping from its corners, and without the power of dis- 
tinct speech. Grasp the lower jaw with the hands, the fingers 
under the chin, and the thumbs inserted well back into the mouth 
and resting on the lower teeth, then press downwards with the 
thumbs on the jaw as much as possible, and at the same time draw 
the chin forward with the fingers. This will bring the lower jaw 
downward and forward, and allow the muscles to draw it back 
into its place. The thumbs must then be quickly withdrawn, and 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 5 1 

as an additional precaution they should be protected by wrapping 
them in a handkerchief or a pad of soft cloth, as otherwise they 
are liable to be badly bitten. 

The Shoulder. — Dislocation here may be known by the 
altered shape of the joint, the shoulder is depressed and flat, and 
the end of the arm bone will be found in some unusual position, 
most probably in the armpit. The injured arm is somewhat 
longer than the normal one, and cannot be raised or extended by 
the patient. 

There are many ways of treating this injury. The simplest is 
for the patient and operator to place themselves side by side upon 
the floor facing in opposite directions, the former lying on his 
back and the latter sitting alongside of him. Then the operator 
having removed his shoe places his heel in the patient's armpit, 
and grasping the dislocated arm with both hands pulls it toward 
him, steadily and strongly, at the same time pushing against the 
head of the bone with his heel so as to force it into its proper 
place. This produces a leverage and brings the bone in such a 
position that the muscles can draw it back into its socket. Another 
method is to put the person in a chair, then pass a large towel or 
tablecloth around the chest close up under the armpit of the 
affected side, draw the two ends up toward the opposite shoulder, 
cross them and have them held by an assistant or attach them to 
some fixed point, the arm is then to be pulled firmly and steadily 
until it assumes the proper position for the muscles to draw it 
into place. 

Elbow. — The arm is bent and cannot be straightened ; the 
elbow is abnormally pointed, due to the bones sticking out at the 
back part of the joint. 

Place the patient on a chair ; let one person grasp the arm 
above the elbow, a second take hold of the wrist, and each pull 
against the other, carefully, but firmly and steadily. A third 
person should then grasp the elbow with his two hands and press 
the dislocated bones downward and forward. As the swelling 
becomes reduced the arm should be suddenly bent without the 
patient's knowledge, and the bones will assume their proper 
positions. The arm should then be bent and carried in a sling 
for several days. 

Thigh. — In dislocation of the thigh the leg appears to be con- 
siderably shorter ; the foot is turned inwards, the patient cannot 



52 THE MARINER'S 

move the limb, and any attempt to turn the foot outward causes 
great pain. 

Lay the patient on his back, pass a sheet or strong towel around 
the leg well up into the crotch and fasten the ends to a pulley or 
staple, then grasp the ankle with both hands and pull the leg 
toward you so as to extend the muscles. If assistance is required 
pass a towel around the thigh and let the ends be grasped by two 
or more persons, and while the extension is being made push the 
head of the bone outward until it enters the socket. If the dislo- 
cation is outward lay the person on his face and during the 
extension push the head of the bone inward. 

Knee Joint. — Extension is to be made upwards from the 
thigh and downwards by the leg, and the dislocated bone replaced 
by pressure of the hand. 

Anki,E. — Let one person grasp the leg above the thigh and a 
second the foot by the heel and toe and pull carefully and steadily 
against each other, and as soon as sufficient extension has been 
made, a third person should press downward on the bone. 

Dislocation of the fingers or wrist are treated in the same 
general manner, which consists in pulling or extending the 
muscles so that the bones are brought into such a position that 
the muscles are able to draw them back into their proper places. 
In dislocation of the fingers it is necessary to put a clove hitch on 
the dislocated bone in order to get sufficient traction. 

SYNOVITIS. 

Definition. — An inflammation of the synovial membrane of the 
joints. 

Cause. — Injury to joints caused by sudden blow or wrench. 

Symptoms. — Inflammation and stiffness, with a puffy swelling 
around the joints caused by escape of the synovial fluid, or joint 
oil, into the surrounding tissues. 

The knee and ankle are the joints more liable to be injured, 
patient is unable to straighten leg if the knee joint is affected, 
and walking is accomplished with great difficulty, and accom- 
panied with severe pain. In severe cases constitutional disturb- 
ances, such as fever, disordered digestion, and loss of sleep are 
present, and, if the case is not properly attended to, pus may form, 
causing thickened membranes and permanent stiffness of the 
affected part. 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 53 

Synovitis also results from exposure to cold in rheumatic and 
syphilitic patients. The onset here is sudden, the patient arising 
from bed to find one of his joints stiff and painful. 

Treatment. — Patient must be made to rest, with the leg ele- 
vated. Apply cloths wet with the Lead and Opium Wash until 
the inflammation subsides, then paint the joint with Tincture 
Iodine. Keep the bowels open with a Compound Cathartic tablet. 
If the joint is much swollen, and much inflammation exists, and 
pus is present, a surgeon should be called, but, if not accessible, 
open the swelling by means of a clean needle or lancet. If fever 
exists give an Aconite Compound No. 2 tablet every two or three 
hours until the fever subsides. 

FAINTING. 

A sudden loss of consciousness caused by hemorrhage, fatigue, 
fright, or weakness following a severe illness ; due to feeble 
circulation of the blood in the brain. 

The patient should be laid down, with the head, if possible, 
lower than the feet. All tight clothing must be loosened, give 
him plenty of air, and sprinkle the face with cold water. Let 
the patient inhale ammonia, and as soon as he is able to swallow, 
give him a teaspoonful of Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia in a 
wineglass of water, or a cup of hot coffee, or glass of wine. If 
the fainting follows an accident and bleeding occurs, no stimulant 
should be given until the hemorrhage is controlled. 

HEAT PROSTRATION. 

(SUNSTROKE— HEATSTROKE) 

Definition. — Exhausted condition of the vital powers, due to 
direct exposure to the sun, or the effects of extreme heat. 

Cause. — Excessive heat, improper ventilation with high tem- 
perature. Direct exposure to the sun. More liable to occur 
after great bodily fatigue, or the excessive use of stimulants in hot 
weather. 

Symptoms. — There are two varieties of heat prostration. In 
true sunstroke the symptoms develop rapidly. The patient 
suddenly becomes unconscious and falls, the breathing is rapid 
or labored and noisy, the skin hot and dry, the pulse rapid, the 



54 THE MARINER'S 

eyes bloodshot with the pupils contracted. The temperature rises 
to io5°-io8° F., and unless controlled by application of cold, 
death results. 

Treatment. — Place the patient on his back, with head slightly 
raised, in the coolest spot at hand. Remove his clothing and 
pour cold water first over his head, then over his chest, and finally 
over his extremities. If ice can be obtained and a bath tub is 
handy, place the patient at once in the tub, fill with cold water, 
add the ice and rub the surface of the body with a piece of ice. 
Continue this treatment until the temperature begins to fall or the 
patient regains consciousness, when he should be removed and 
put to bed. If the temperature rises again, a second bath should 
be given. Open the bowels by a dose of Castor Oil as soon as the 
patient can swallow. Keep him quiet, and after he recovers from 
the attack put him on Iron Quinine tablets No. 2 until he recovers 
his strength. 

(heat prostration) 

Symptoms. — The patient grows faint, with feeling of weakness, 
the pulse is rapid and feeble but no fever, the skin cool, the face 
pale and anxious, with partial or complete unconsciousness. 

Treatment. — Let the patient lie down with the head low and 
give a teaspoonful of Arom. Spirits of Ammonia, or a small dose 
of brandy and water, or whisky. If the patient cannot swallow, 
apply Spirits of Ammonia to the nostrils, and as soon as conscious- 
ness returns give the stimulants as directed above. 

CHOKING OR SUFFOCATION. 

Choking is caused by the presence of some foreign .body in the 
throat. This may be removed, if not lodged too tightly, by hold- 
ing the person's chest against a table and giving two or three smart 
blows upon the back. If this does not remove it introduce the 
forefinger and thumb into the throat as far back as possible, and 
endeavor to reach the obstruction. Even if this is unsuccessful 
it may cause vomiting, which may expel the object. Turning the 
person head downwards and slapping the back will sometimes 
accomplish the purpose. If none of these means succeed, a hook 
may be made of a fine wire which is to be cautiously lowered into 
the throat ; this, however, should not be done until all other 



MEDICAI, COMPANION. 55 

means have failed, or there is positive danger of the patient 
choking to death, for unless very skillfully performed serious 
damage may be caused by the wire lacerating the throat. 

Suffocation. — Due to breathing foul air or poisonous gases. 
This may occur on shipboard, in places such as the hold, where 
an accumulation of foul air exists due to lack of proper ventilation. 

Treatment. — Bring the patient into the fresh air as soon as 
possible ; if he has lost consciousness loosen all tight clothing, 
and dash cold water on the face and chest. Apply snuff or am- 
monia to the nostrils. If the patient does not revive lay him on 
his back, with a roll of clothing or pillow under his shoulders, so 
that the head will hang slightly downward and backward ; then, 
kneeling at the patient's head, grasp the arms just above the 
wrists and draw them slowly up over his head and hold them 
there for four seconds, then push them down, bending the elbows, 
and press them gently yet firmly against the chest for four seconds. 
Continue this treatment until patient shows sign of recovery. 
The movements must be persevered in for an hour or more if 
necessary, the operator being relieved as he becomes tired and a 
fresh one taking his place. As soon as the patient begins to revive, 
which is seen by a change in the color of the face, and a slight 
effort at breathing, rub the limbs toward the body, administer a 
light stimulant, and as soon as the breathing becomes normal 
put him in a warm bed. 

DROWNING. 

As soon as possible turn the patient on his face with the head 
down so as to allow the water to run out of the mouth, cleanse the 
mouth and nostrils with a handkerchief, then lay him on his back 
with the head and shoulders supported on a roll of clothing or on 
a cushion a little higher than the body. Draw the tongue out and 
secure by means of a handkerchief or bandage tied around the 
lower jaw, but not so as to obstruct breathing. This allows the 
free passage of air into the lungs and prevents the tongue from 
slipping backwards and closing the windpipe. Remove all tight 
clothing above the neck and chest, cutting it so as to gain time ; 
then, kneeling at the patient's head, grasp the arms just above 
the wrists and draw them slowly up over his head and hold them 
there for four seconds, then push them down, bending the elbows, 



56 THE MARINER'S 

and press them gently yet firmly against the chest for four seconds. 
Continue this treatment until patient shows sign of recovery. 
The movements must be persevered in for an hour or more if 
necessary, the operator being relieved as he becomes tired and a 
fresh one taking his place. The above treatment causes an alter- 
nate expansion and contraction of the lungs and is intended to 
imitate the act of breathing. It is called artificial respiration 
and helps to sustain life by supplying fresh air to the lungs until 
the vital powers are sufficiently stimulated to resume their normal 
functions. As soon as the patient begins to revive, which is 
seen by a change in the color of the face, and a slight effort 
at breathing, rub the limbs toward the body, administer a light 
stimulant, and as the breathing becomes normal put him in 
a warm bed, apply hot bottles to the feet, and wrap hot flannels 
about his chest. 



FROSTBITE, CHILBLAINS. 

Frostbite, or freezing of the limbs or exposed parts of the body, 
is liable to occur during severe cold weather. The best treat- 
ment is application of cold, either ice or snow, rubbing the part 
well so as to restore circulation. After the blanched or white 
color has disappeared the part may be wrapped in warm flannel, 
and treated like a burn. On no account bring the patient near 
a fire, or into a warm room, as mortification is apt to occur, and 
the part have to be amputated. 

Chilblains are caused by too rapid warming of the feet after 
exposure to cold. Persons with poor circulation, who have a 
habit of warming their feet after coming out of the cold, are 
liable to chronic attacks of chilblains. Bathing the feet with 
alcohol, or alum and water, will usually give relief. 



BURNS, SCALDS. 

Burns may be caused by contact with chemicals, fire, or 
hot water. They may be slight, so as to cause simple redness 
of skin, or the parts may be blistered, or in more severe cases 
actual charring may occur. 

Pain from a burn is always very intense, and is increased by 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 57 

contact with the air. In simple burns, Bicarbonate of Soda, or 
flour dusted thickly over the part, removes the smarting and pain. 
This may then be covered by a linen cloth, and over this some 
cotton batting so as to protect the part from injury. 

A mixture of Linseed Oil and Lime Water in equal parts (Carron 
Oil) is to be applied in more serious burns, linen rags should be 
dipped in this, and the whole covered with a dry bandage. After 
the pain has passed away, and the burns commence to heal, use a 
Carbolic Acid Ointment made by mixing thirty drops of carbolic 
acid to an ounce of vaseline. In treating burns, the dressings 
should be changed as seldom as possible, but often enough to keep 
them clean. If blisters form they should be pricked so as to allow 
the fluid to escape, but the skin must not be unnecessarily broken 
or cut. 



58 THE MARINER'S 

LIST OK REMEDIES 

CONTAINED IN 

NELSON'S MEDICINE CHEST 

WITH DIRECTIONS 
AND REFERENCES FOR THEIR USE 



The medicines described in this book, and furnished with 
Nelson's Medicine Chest, are made by the Fraser Tablet 
Company. They can be depended on for reliability, accuracy of 
dose, and uniformity of action. They are convenient, portable, 
occupy little space, and do not deteriorate by keeping. They 
offer many advantages over liquid preparations. Extra supplies 
can be obtained at all times from the Fraser Tablet Company, 
262, Fifth Avenue, N. Y., or from their agents. 



Aconite Comp. No. 2 — Remedy for Fever. 

Tr. Aconite i min. 

Tr. Belladonna 2 min. 

Tr. Bryonia 2 min. 

One every hour for three to six doses, then every two or three 
hours until the fever is controlled. (See pages 6, 11, 12, 16, 17, 38, 
47, 49, 53-) 

Am ye Nitrite — Remedy for Asthma. 

Crush a pearl in handkerchief and inhale the vapor. (See 
page 17.) 

Antiasthmatic — Remedy for Asthma. 

Potass. Iodide 2 gr 

Potass. Bromide 2 gr 

Fl. Ext. Euphor. Pil 3 min 

Tinct. Lobelia 2 min 

Nitroglycerin 1-200 gr 

One tablet every three or four hours for the relief of asthma, 
short breath and feeling of suffocation. (See page 17.) 



MEDICAE COMPANION. 59 

Anticonstipation No. 5 — Laxative in Inflamed Conditions of 
the Bowels. 

Sulphur 2 1-2 gr. 

Cream Tartar 1-2 gr. 

Tr. Hydrastis Can '. . . 1 min. 

F. E. Cascara Sag 5 min. 

One or two at night ; increase or diminish the dose as the occa- 
sion requires. (See pages 26, 27.) 

Antidyspeptic No. 2 — Remedy for Indigestion. 

Strych. Sulph 1-60 gr. 

Ipecac Powder 1-10 gr. 

Capsicum Powder 1-4 gr. 

Ext. Rhubarb 1-4 gr. 

Ext. Gentian 1-2 gr. 

Sodium Bicarb 2 gr. 

One tablet before meals with water, and one two hours after- 
wards if required. (See page 18.) 

Antiseptic Pastimes — Remedy for Cold in the Head, Sore 
Mouth or Throat. 
Dissolve one in two ounces of water and use freely with 
atomizer, or as a mouth wash or gargle. (See pages 8, 11, 39.) 

Antiseptic Tablets (Poison) — For Preparing Bichloride 
Solution. 

Corrosive Sublimate 7 3-10 gr. 

Ammon. Muriate 7 7-10 gr. 

Dissolve one tablet in a pint of water and use as an antiseptic 
dressing for wounds, and also as a disinfectant. Must not be used 
internally. (See pages 8, 9, 13, 22.) 

Aromatic Spirits Ammonia — Remedy for Faintness, Heat 
Prostration, Drowning, Sudden Weakness, Weak Heart. 
One teaspoonful in a wineglass of water repeated in half an 
hour if needed. (See pages 53, 54.) 

Beta Naphtoe Comp. — Remedy for Flatulence, Gas in Bowels, 
Fermentation of Food. 

Beta Naphtol 1 gr. 

Bismuth Salicylate 1 gr. 

Arom. Chalk Powder 1 gr. 

One tablet with water at meal-time, or two hours after. (See 
pages 8, 20, 22, 26, 27.) 



60 THE MARINER'S 

Bismuth Subgallate Comp. No. 2— Remedy for Intestinal 
Indigestion, Farinaceous Dyspepsia. 

Bism. Subgall . 3 1-2 gr. 

Ext. Pancreatis 1 1-2 gr. 

Ext. Nux Vomica i- 4 gr. 

One tablet immediately after meals ; repeat in two hours if not 
relieved. (See pages 20, 26.) 

Blackwash (Poison) — Remedy for Chancroid. 

Add two tablets to a half pint of water and apply on soft linen 
or lint. Shake before using. Not to be taken. (See page 43.) 

Blaud's Pill Comp. No. 4— Blood Tonic. Alterative. 

Blaud's Mass 5 gr. 

Corros. Sublim 1-80 gr. 

Strychnine Sulph 1-60 gr. 

Acid Arsenous 1-50 gr. 

One tablet after meals. (See pages 7, 13, 27, 31, 35.) 

Calcium Sulphide, 1-2 gr. — Remedy for Boils, Pimples, 
Eruptions on the Skin. 
One tablet after meals. (See page 38.) 

Calomel Comp. No. 3— Remedy for Torpid Liver. 

Calomel 1-10 gr. 

Sodium Bicarb . 1 gr. 

One tablet every hour for ten doses, or until they operate. 
(See pages 18, 19, 47.) 

Calomel, 1-20 gr. — Remedy for Disordered Secretions. 

One or two every hour until bowels move. In Typhoid Fever, 
one every two hours for three days. (See page 8.) 

Calomel, 1-4 gr. — Remedy for Disordered Secretions. 

One every hour until bowels move, followed by a cathartic. 
(See page 5.) 

Calomel, 5 grs.— Remedy in Yellow Fever. 
Four tablets at a dose. (See page 10.) 

Calomel and Ipecac — Remedy for Intermittent Fever. 

Calomel 1-4 gr. 

Ipecac 1-4 8 1 "- 

One every two hours, for three doses. (See page 7.) 

Carbolic Acid (Poison)— Remedy for Wounds, Bruises, Sores. 
Disinfectant. (See pages 13, 22, 27, 29, 38.) 



L.ofC. 



MEDICAIv COMPANION. 6l 

Carbonated Vaseune — Remedy for Burns, Piles, Sores. 
(See pages n, 27, 39.) 

Cardiac Asthma — Remedy for Asthma with Complication of 
Heart Disease. 

Heroin 1-24 gr. 

Strych. Sulphate 1-48 gr. 

F. E. Digitalis 1 min. 

One or two tablets every two or three hours. (See page 17.) 

Carron Oil, — Remedy for Burns. 

Apply on soft linen or lint and cover with cotton, keep in place 
"by a loose soft bandage. (See page 57.) 

Cascara Comp. No. 3 — Remedy for Constipation, Torpid 
Liver, Clogged Secretions. 

Cascarin 1-4 gr. 

Aloin 1-4 gr 

Podophyllin 1-6 gr, 

Ext. Belladonna 1-8 gr 

Strych. Sulph 1-60 gr 

Gingerine 1-8 gr 

One or two at night, followed by one next morning if needed, 
Reduce dose or lengthen interval as the bowels resume their 
normal functions. (See pages 9, 13, 18, 24, 31, 35, 38, 40.) 

Castor On, — Remedy for Disordered Bowels. 

One or two tablespoonfuls, as required. (See pages 7, 10, 19, 
20, 28, 29, 54.) 

Cathartic Comp. U. S. P. — Remedy for Constipation. An 
Active Cathartic. 

Ext. Colocy. Co 1 1-4 gr. 

Calomel 1 gr. 

Ext. Jalap 1-2 gr. 

Gamboge Powder 1-4 gr. 

One or more at night as occasion requires. (See pages 16, 19, 

47, 530 

Chlorodyne — Remedy for Pain, and Diarrhoea. 

Morphine Mur 1-6 gr 

Ext. Cannabis Ind 1-4 gr 

Nitroglycerin 1-300 gr 

Ext. Hyoscyamus 1-2 gr 

Oleoresin Capsicum 1-10 gr 

Oil Peppermint 1-10 min 

One tablet every hour for three doses, unless earlier relieved 

(See pages 19, 21.) 



62 THE MARINER'S 

Chlorodyne No. 2 — Remedy for Pain. 

Morphine Mur 1-12 gr 

Ext. Cannabis Ind 1-8 gr 

Nitroglycerin 1-600 gr 

Ext. Hyoscyamus 1-4 gr 

Oleoresin Capsic 1-20 gr 

Oil Peppermint 1-20 min 

One tablet every two hours until relieved. (See page 20.) 

Cough Persistent with Heroin — Remedy for Coughs. 

Ammonium Muriate 2 gr 

Ipecac Powd 1-4 gr 

Ext. Squill Acet 1-4 gr 

Fid. Ext. Senega 1 min 

Heroin 1-25 gr 

One tablet every two or three hours. (See pages 15, 16, 17.) 

Copperas Solution— Disinfectant. 

Water .1 gal. 

Iron Sulphate (Copperas) 1 lb. 

A safe and harmless application. (See pages 14, 24.) 

Corrosive Sublimate, 1-60 gr.— Remedy for Diarrhoea and 
Dysentery. 
One tablet every hour or two until the character of the dis- 
charges change. (See pages 20, 21, 22.) 
Coryza — Remedy for Sudden Colds, Cold in the Head. 

Quinine Sulph 1-2 gr. 

Ammon. Mur 1-2 gr. 

Camphor 1-2 gr. 

Opium Powder 1-10 gr. 

Ext. Belladonna 1-10 gr. 

Ext. Aconite 1-10 gr. 

Two at first dose, followed by one every hour until cold is 
broken up. (See page 15.) 
Cream Tartar Cowl?.— Remedy for Beri Beri. 

Cream Tartar 7 1-2 gr. 

Potass. Nitrate 7 1-2 gr. 

One tablet with water every two hours. (See page 13.) 

Diarrhcba Fermentative— Remedy for Diarrhoea. 

Bismuth Subgall 1 gr . 

Saiol igr. 

Cerium Oxalate 1 ffr. 

Dover's Powder 2 gr. 

Oil Anise 1-10 min. 

One or two every two or three hours until relieved. (See 
page 20.) 



MEDICAE COMPANION. 63 

Dover's Powder, 5 grs.— Remedy for Cold. 

One or two tablets with five grains of Quinine, taken at bed- 
time. (See pages 15, 22.) 

Epsom Saet — Remedy for Disordered Bowels. 

A teaspoonful to a tablespoonful in water, as required. (See 
pages 6, 19, 28, 29, 36.) 

Heart StimueanT— Remedy for Weak Heart, Palpitation, 
Excessive Smoking. 

Tr. Digitalis 2 min. 

Tr. Strophanthus 2 min. 

Tr. Belladonna 1-4 min. 

Nitroglycerin 1-100 gr. 

One tablet three or four times a day until relieved. (See 
page 33.) 

Intestinae Antiseptic No. 2 — Remedy for Diarrhoea, due to 
Fermentation of Food in Bowels. 

Bismuth Subgall 2 gr. 

Zinc Sulphocarb 1-2 gr. 

Beta Naphtol 1-2 gr. 

Copper Arsen 1-200 gr. 

Oil Cinnamon q. s. 

One tablet with water every three or four hours. (See page 20.) 

Iron, Quinine and Strychnine No. 2 — Tonic. 

Iron Reduced 1 gr. 

Quinine Sulph 1 gr. 

Strychnine Sulph 1-60 gr. 

One tablet after meals. (See pages 11, 33, 34, 37, 38, 54.) 

Lead and Ophjm Wash (Poison) — Remedy for Bruises, In- 
flammation, Erysipelas. 

Lead Acetate 5 gr. 

Ext. Opium 1-4 gr. 

Ammon. Chlor 4 gr. 

Dissolve eight tablets in a pint of water and apply on lint or 
soft linen. (See pages 38, 39, 40, 47, 53.) 
Liniment Tabeet— Application for Muscular Pains. 

One tablet dissolved in one-half pint of alcohol and applied by 
rubbing. Not to be taken. (See pages 30, 31, 50.) 

Morphine Comp. No. 4— Remedy for Pain. 

Morph. Sulph 1-4 gr. 

Atropine Sulph 1-150 gr. 

See pages 17, 23, 25, 26, 47, 49, 53.) 



64 THE MARINER'S 

Nitroglycerin, i-ioo gr. — Remedy for Heart Failure, Neu- 
ralgia of the Heart {Angina). 
One tablet every two hours until relieved. (See page 33.) 
Neuralgia, One-half Strength (Brown-Sequard) — Remedy for 
Neuralgia. 

Ext. Hyoscyamus 1-3 gr. 

Ext. Conium 1-3 gr. 

Ext. Ignatia 1-4 gr. 

Ext. Opium 1-4 gr. 

Ext. Aconite 1-6 gr. 

Ext. Cannab. Ind 1-8 gr. 

Ext. Stramonium 1-10 gr. 

Ext. Belladonna 1-12 gr. 

One tablet every three or four hours. (See page 32.) 
Orthodox — Remedy for Impoverished Blood, Venereal Diseases, 

Potass. Iodide 2 gr 

Syr. Ferri Iod 5 min 

Mercury Bichlor 1-64 gr 

Donovan's Sol 2 min 

Tr. Nux Vom 2 min. 

One or two tablets after meals, with water. (See pages 38, 43, 

44.) 

Potass. Permanganate, i gr. — Injection for Gonorrhoea. 

One tablet dissolved in four ounces of water and used with a 
syringe three times a day. (See page 42.) 
Potass. Arsenitis, 1-50 gr. — Remedy for Chorea and Diabetes. 

One tablet with water three times a day, increasing by one 
tablet night and morning until the symptoms are controlled. (See 
pages 34, 37.) 
Quinine Sulphate— Remedy for Cold and Fever. 

(For special directions see pages 7, 9, 10, 15, 17, 31.) 
Quinine and Capsicum — Remedy for Malarial Fever. 

Quinine Sulph 2 gr. 

Capsicum Powd 1-4 gr- 

One or two every two or three hours. (See page 7.) 
Rheumatism— Remedy for Rheumatism. 

Sodium Salicylate 5 gr. 

Colchicin 1-120 gr. 

Codeine Sulph 1-16 gr. 

One or two tablets every three or four hours until the bowels 
operate freely, then every four hours until relieved. (See page 30.) 
RochellE Salt — Remedy for Disordered Bowels. 

A teaspoonful to a tablespoonful in water. (See pages 6, 19.) 



MEDICAL COMPANION. 65 

Salol and Copaiba Co. — Remedy for Gonorrhoea. 

Salol 2gr 

Balsam Copaiba 2 gr 

Oleoresin Cubebs 1 gr 

Pepsin Pure 1-2 gr 

Ext. Kava Kava 1 gr 

Oil Sandalwood 1-4 min 

Oil Wintergreen 1-4 min 

One or two tablets after meals. (See page 41.) 

Salol and Phenacetine — Remedy for Muscular Pains. 

Salol 2 1-2 gr. 

Phenacetine 2 1-2 gr. 

One every four hours as directed. (See pages 15, 31, 32.) 

Santonin and Calomel No. 2 — Remedy for Worms. 

Santonin i gr . 

Calomel i gr. 

One or two tablets at night; followed by a laxative in the 
morning. (See page 28.) 

Sciatica — Remedy for Sciatica. 

Tr. Aconite 3-4 min. 

Tr. Belladonna 3-4 min. 

Tr. Colchicum 3-4 min . 

Tr. Cimicifuga 3-4 min . 

Two tablets every three or four hours. (See page 32.) 

Sedative — Remedy for Nervous Excitement. 

Sodium Brom 21-2 gr. 

Potass. Brom 2 1-2 gr. 

Ammon. Brom 21-2 gr. 

Tr. Hyoscyamus 5 min. 

Tr. Cannabis Ind 5 min. 

One tablet with water after meals and at bedtime. (See pages 
35, 36.) 

Sodium Salicylate, 5 gr. — Remedy for Rheumatism. 

One or two tablets after meals and at bedtime. (See pages 
3i, 340 

Tinct. Iodine — External Application. 
(See pages 42, 53.) 



INDEX 



Page 

Abdominal Fever 7 

Abscess 39 

Accidents 44 

Angina Pectoris 32 

Angina Pectoris False 32 

Appendicitis 25 

Apoplexy 35 

Articular Rheumatism 30 

Asthma 17 

Bandages 49 

Beri Beri 12 

Bilious Cholera 20 

Bilious Fever 17 

Black Vomit 9 

Bleeding : 

Arterial 44 

From the Lungs 46 

From the Nose 45 

Internal 46 

Venous 44 

Boils 38 

Bones : 

Broken 47 

Out of Joint 50 

Bronchitis 15 

Bruises 47 

Bubo 41 

Burns 56 

Catarrh : 

Gastric 17 

Intestinal 21 

Nasal 14 

Catarrhal Pneumonia 16 

Cerebral Hemorrhage 35 

Chancre 43 

Chancroid 42 

Chills and Fever 6 

Chilblains 56 

Cholera : 

Bilious 20 

English 20 

Morbus 20 

Sporadic 20 

Chordee 41 

Chorea 36 

Choking 54 

Cold : 

In the Head 14 

On the Chest 15 



Colic : Page 

Intestinal 19 

Lead 19 

Constipation 18 

Contagious Diseases 13 

Contusions 47 

Cramps 19 

Croupous Pneumonia 16 

Cystitis 41 

Delirium Tremens 3 5 

Diabetes 53 

Diarrhoea 19 

Disinfectants 13 

Disinfection 13 

Dislocation : 

Ankle 52 

Elbow 51 

Fingers 52 

Jaw 50 

Knee Joint 52 

Shoulder 51 

Thigh 51 

Wrist 52 

Drowning 55 

Dysentery 21 

English Cholera 20 

Enteric Fever 7 

Epididymitis 41 

Epilepsy 35 

Epileptic Fits 35 

Erysipelas 37 

Fainting 53 

False Pleurisy 31 

FEVER : 

Abdominal 7 

Bilious 19 

Chills and Fever ...: 6 

Contagious 9 

Enteric 7 

Fever and Ague 6 

Gastric 7 

Intermittent 6 

Jail 9 

Lung 16 

Malarial 6 

Mediterranean 9 

Rheumatic 17 

Sailor's 9 

Scarlet 10 

Ship 9 

Swamp 6 

Thermometer 5 

Typhus 9 

Yellow 9 



INDEX. 



Page 

Fistula of the Anus 27 

Fits, Epileptic 35 

Fractures : 

Compound 47 

Simple 47 

Frostbites 56 

Gastric Catarrh 17 

Gastric Fever 7 

Gonorrhoea 40 

Grip 14 

Gripes 19 

Heart 

Irritable 33 

Neuralgia of 32 

Palpitation of 33 

Heat: 

Prostration 53 

Stroke 53 

Hemorrhoids 26 

Hernia 24 

Indigestion, Acute 17 

Inflammation of the Bowels 21 

Influenza 14 

Intercostal Neuralgia 31 

Intermittent Fever 6 

Intestinal Catarrh 21 

Intestinal Obstruction 22 

Jail Fever 9 

Jaundice 23 

Joints, Injury to 53 

Lead Colic 19 

Lobular Pneumonia 16 

Lumbago 31 

Lumbo-Abdominal Neuralgia 32 

Lung Fever 16 

Malarial Fever 6 

Measles 12 

Mediterranean Fever 9 

Muscular Rheumatism 30 

Nasal Catarrh 14 

Neuralgia : 

Intercostal 31 

Lumbo-Abdominal 32 

Of the Heart 32 

Paralytic Stroke 35 

Plaster of Paris Bandages 48 



Page 

Pleurisy, False 31 

Piles : 

Bleeding 26 

Blind 26 

Pneumonia : 

Catarrhal i5 

Croupous i5 

Rheumatism : 

Articular 30 

Muscular 30 

Inflammatory 30 

Rheumatic Fever 30 

Room, to Disinfect 14 

Rupture 24 

Rupture, Strangulated 25 

Sailor's Fever 9 

Saint Anthony's Fire 37 

Saint Vitus' Dance 36 

Scalds 56 

Scarlet Fever 10 

Scarlatina 10 

Sciatica 32 

Ship Fever 9 

Splints 48 

Sporadic Cholera 20 

Stiff Neck 31 

Stricture 41 

Suffocation 54 

Sunstroke 53 

Swamp Fever 6 

Swollen Face 39 

Synovitis 52 

Syphilis 43 

Tapeworm 29 

The Rose 37 

Typhoid Fever 7 

Typhus Fever 9 

Worms : 

Round 28 

Tape 29 

Thread 28 

Wounds 46 

Venereal Diseases 40 

Veins : 

Enlarged 40 

Varicose 40 

Yellow Fever g 



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MEDICINE CHESTS 



REPRESENT THE PERFECTION 
OF THE CASE -MAKER'S ART 



Made either of Leather or Wood, they can 
be supplied in any size and of every de- 
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remedies desired. Medicine Chests for 
Ships and Yachts constantly on hand. 
Special cases made to order at short notice. 



OVER TWO THOUSAND FORMULAS 
TO SELECT FROM 

UST SENT ON APPLICATION 



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262, Fifth Avenue, New York 
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